Table 4.
Estimates of proportion positives of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) associated with respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and human parainfluenza virus, and the hospital admissions in children and adolescents by World Bank income region and UNICEF region
| Virus (age group) | Region | No. of studies | Proportion* | Hospital admissions |
| Respiratory syncytial virus (5–19 years)† | By UNICEF region‡ | |||
| Asia-Pacific | 28 | 3.4 (2.1–5.7) | 115 100 (58 900–217 100) | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 5 | 6.9 (5.9–8.0) | 62 700 (50 000–78 400) | |
| Eastern Europe and Central Asia§ | 2 | 9.2 (4.5–19.0) | – | |
| High-income countries | 11 | 3.2 (1.4–7.2) | 7700 (3300–17 000) | |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 3 | 6.1 (3.3–11.4) | 28 600 (15 100–54 500) | |
| Middle East and North Africa | 5 | 6.4 (1.8–23.3) | 6000 (1600–22 800) | |
| By World Bank income region | ||||
| Low and lower middle | 15 | 4.0 (2.4–6.8) | 125 000 (66 800–222 600) | |
| Upper middle | 27 | 4.5 (2.8–7.2) | 94 500 (51 100–170 200) | |
| High | 12 | 3.9 (1.6–9.2) | 10 800 (4800–27 600) | |
| Global¶ | 231 800 (142 700–373 200) | |||
| Human metapneumovirus (5–14 years)** | By UNICEF region | |||
| Asia-Pacific | 17 | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | 33 700 (15 400–72 000) | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 3 | 3.1 (2–4.7) | 22 500 (14 000–34 300) | |
| Eastern Europe and Central Asia | 1 | – | – | |
| High-income countries | 3 | 3.8 (1.8–8.1) | 6900 (3300–14 400) | |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 0 | – | – | |
| Middle East and North Africa | 1 | – | – | |
| By World Bank income region | ||||
| Low and lower middle | 6 | 3.1 (1.6–5.9) | 74 000 (35 800–145 700) | |
| Upper middle | 14 | 1.3 (0.6–2.5) | 20 500 (9500–44 400) | |
| High | 3 | 3.8 (1.8–8.1) | 8100 (4000–18 500) | |
| Global | 105 500 (57 200–181 700) | |||
| Human parainfluenza virus (5–14 years) | By UNICEF region | |||
| Asia-Pacific | 19 | 3 (1.9–4.6) | 75 700 (40 600–137 200) | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 3 | 3.9 (2.7–5.7) | 28 800 (18 700–42 300) | |
| Eastern Europe and Central Asia | 0 | – | – | |
| High income countries | 5 | 2.9 (1.1–7.6) | 5200 (2100–12 900) | |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 0 | – | – | |
| Middle East and North Africa | 0 | – | – | |
| By World Bank income region | ||||
| Low and lower middle | 5 | 2.6 (1–6.7) | 61 500 (21 300–158 500) | |
| Upper middle | 17 | 3.3 (2.2–5.1) | 54 400 (30 200–94 700) | |
| High | 5 | 2.9 (1.1–7.6) | 6100 (2500–17 300) | |
| Global | 124 800 (67 300–228 500) |
*Estimates from meta-analyses.
†Proportion positives were estimated using data from mixed age groups. Three studies reported data for 5–9 years, 33 studies for 5–14 years, and 16 studies for 5–19 years.
‡Asia-Pacific: the region of South Asia and the region of East Asia and the Pacific were combined due to the insufficient data. Sub-Saharan Africa: the region of Eastern and Southern Africa and the region of West and Central Africa were combined due to insufficient data.
§We were unable to calculate respiratory syncytial virus hospital admissions in the region of Eastern Europe and Central Asia because of the lack of data on all-cause ALRI hospital admissions.
¶Global estimate was calculated as the sum of estimates by World Bank income regions. The point values of global estimates were slightly different from the sum of the point estimates by region due to the substantial uncertainties in the estimates across regions.
**Proportion positives were estimated using data for 5–14 years.
††Proportion positives were estimated using data for 5–14 years.