Table 2.
Ingredient composition of the experimental diets
| Item, % as-fed | Hull-less barley1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | ACD | Fermented | ||
| Without phytase | With phytase | |||
| Barley2 | 50.0 | — | — | — |
| Acidified barley3 | — | 50.0 | — | — |
| Fermented barley4 | — | — | 50.0 | 50.0 |
| Casein5 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 18.0 |
| Cornstarch6 | 17.790 | 17.790 | 17.790 | 17.785 |
| Lactose | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 |
| Cellulose7 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| Canola oil | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Limestone | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
| Titanium dioxide | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| Salt | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| Vitamin premix8 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| Mineral premix9 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| KCl | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| DL-Met | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| L-Thr | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| MgO | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Choline chloride, 60% | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Phytase10 | — | — | — | 0.005 |
1CDC Fiber, high-fermentable, high β-glucan, hull-less barley.
2Control barley.
3ACD, chemically acidified barley using lactic and glacial acidic acid (0.019 L/kg barley grain; ratio 4:1 [vol/vol]).
4Barley fermented with L. reuteri for 24 h at 37 °C.
5Sodium Caseinate 180 (NZMP, Auckland, New Zealand).
6Melojel (National Starch and Chemical Co., Bridgewater, NJ).
7Solka-floc (International Fiber Corp., North Tonawanda, NY).
8Provided the following per kilogram of diet: vitamin A, 7,500 IU; vitamin D, 750 IU; vitamin E, 50 IU; niacin, 37.5 mg; pantothenic acid, 15 mg; folacin, 2.5 mg; riboflavin, 5 mg; pyridoxine, 1.5 mg; thiamine, 2.5 mg; choline, 2,000 mg; vitamin K, 4 mg; biotin, 0.25 mg; and vitamin B12, 0.02 mg.
9Provided the following per kilogram of diet: Zn, 125 mg as ZnSO4; Cu, 50 mg as CuSO4; Fe, 75 mg as FeSO4; Mn, 25 mg as MnSO4; I, 0.5 mg as Ca(IO3)2; and Se, 0.3 mg as Na2SeO3.
10500 FYT phytase/kg barley grain was added during the fermentation (Ronozyme HiPhos (GT); DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland).