Table 3.
Report on general characteristics of the 39 reviewed interventions.
| Characteristics | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| Publication date | ||
| 1995–2004 | 0 | 0.00 |
| 2005–2014 | 19 | 48.72 |
| 2015–2020 | 20 | 51.28 |
| Intervention features | ||
| Geographic area | ||
| Asia | 3 | 7.69 |
| Europe | 12 | 30.77 |
| North America | 24 | 61.54 |
| School area | ||
| Urban | 15 | 38.46 |
| Suburban | 2 | 5.13 |
| Semi-rural | 1 | 2.56 |
| Rural | 0 | 0.00 |
| Combination | 6 | 15.38 |
| Not reported | 15 | 38.46 |
| Target | ||
| Only teachers | 25 | 64.10 |
| Teachers and students | 14 | 35.90 |
| Grade participants taught | ||
| Class-level | 19 | 48.72 |
| Discipline-level | 7 | 17.95 |
| Combined | 10 | 25.64 |
| Not reported | 3 | 7.69 |
| State conceptual framework | ||
| Yes | 14 | 35.90 |
| No | 25 | 64.10 |
| Dosage of intervention | ||
| 1–14 h | 6 | 15.38 |
| 15–29 h | 14 | 35.90 |
| 30 or more hours | 19 | 48.72 |
| Cross-session training | ||
| Yes | 16 | 41.03 |
| No | 23 | 58.97 |
| Methodological features | ||
| Independent research | ||
| Yes | 16 | 41.03 |
| No | 23 | 58.97 |
| Intervention led by its author | ||
| Yes | 20 | 51.28 |
| No | 19 | 48.72 |
| Randomization (control for selection bias) | ||
| Participant-level | 18 | 46.15 |
| School-level | 10 | 25.64 |
| None | 11 | 28.21 |
| Blinding of participants and researchers (control for performance bias) | ||
| Yes | 2 | 5.13 |
| No | 22 | 56.41 |
| Not specified | 15 | 38.46 |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (control for detection bias) | ||
| Yes | 13 | 33.33 |
| No | 6 | 15.38 |
| Not specified | 20 | 51.28 |
| Incomplete outcome assessment (control for attrition bias) | ||
| Yes | 17 | 43.59 |
| No | 1 | 2.56 |
| Not specified | 21 | 53.85 |
| Selective report (control for reporting bias) | ||
| Yes | 0 | 0.00 |
| No | 1 | 2.56 |
| Not applicable | 38 | 97.44 |
| Fidelity report | ||
| Yes | 9 | 23.08 |
| No | 30 | 76.92 |
| Time of assessment | ||
| Pre-posttest | 29 | 74.36 |
| Pre-posttest and follow-up | 10 | 25.64 |
| Type of measures | ||
| Self-report | 31 | 79.49 |
| Behavioral | 3 | 7.69 |
| Physiological | 7 | 17.95 |
| External observation | 14 | 35.90 |
| Outcomes assessed | ||
| SEC | 20 | 51.28 |
| Psychological distress | 23 | 58.97 |
| Physical distress | 11 | 28.21 |
| Well-being | 24 | 61.54 |
| Classroom climate and instructional practices | 17 | 43.59 |