TABLE 1.

The effect of bacterial infections on eicosanoid production and function of eicosanoids in bacterial infections

Organism	The effect of infection on eicosanoids	The effect of eicosanoids on infection	Reference(s)
Burkholderia pseudomallei	Increase in PGE2	PGE2 has detrimental effects on the survival of infected mice	155
Campylobacter jejuni	Increase in PGE2		156
Escherichia coli	Increase in PGE2	PGE2 increase by colibactin-producing E. coli functions in colon cancer tumorigenesis; inhibition of COX-2 enhances infection with extraintestinal E. coli	51, 134, 137
Francisella tularensis	Increase in PGE2	PGE2 has detrimental effects on the infected host via downregulation of Th1 immunity	157, 158
Helicobacter pylori	Increase in PGE2	PGE2 contributes to chronic inflammation but also cancer cell growth and proliferation	130, 131, 133
Klebsiella pneumoniae		LTB4 promotes phagocytosis, enhances ROS-dependent NADPH oxidase activation	111
Legionella pneumophila	Increase in PGE2		159
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Degradation of LTB4 to its inactive form 12-oxo-LTB4; decrease in PGE2	LTA4H deficiency downregulates TNF-α; COX-2 inhibition leading to reduced PGE2 enhances phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis	109, 124, 125
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Increase in PGE2	COX-2-deficient mice have increased survival rates during infection	160–162
Salmonella enterica	Increase in PGE2 by SPI-2 T3SS factors	PGE2 affects macrophage polarization	19, 57, 123
Shigella flexneri	PGE2 levels are elevated in the stool of infected patients and in rabbit ileal loops		52, 148, 149
Staphylococcus aureus	Increase in PGE2	PGE2 promotes the growth and biofilm formation of S. aureus and enhances the attachment of bacterium to the human fibronectin	47
Yersinia enterocolitica	Increase in PGE2 but downregulation of PGE2 by T3SS virulence factors	PGE2 affects macrophage polarization	19