Table 2.
The age-standardized rates and variation trends of diabetes mellitus type 2–related chronic kidney disease.
| Location | Sex | ASIR (95%UI) | EAPC (95%CI) | ASPR (95%UI) | EAPC (95%CI) | ASDR (95%UI) | EAPC (95%CI) | Age-standardized DALY rate (95%UI) | EAPC (95%CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2019 | 1990 | 2019 | 1990 | 2019 | 1990 | 2019 | ||||||
| Global | Both | 24.88(22.6-27.39) | 30.29(27.65-33.05) | 0.65(0.63-0.66) | 1526.04(1396.82-1658.25) | 1576.35(1448.28-1700.21) | 0.06(0.04-0.09) | 4.14(3.35-4.98) | 5.16(4.2-6.17) | 0.92(0.79-1.06) | 101.71(82.95-120.08) | 120.2(99.16-142.85) | 0.75(0.63-0.87) |
| Female | 23.53(21.35-25.89) | 28.11(25.69-30.74) | 0.6(0.58-0.61) | 1511.42(1383.69-1647.5) | 1539.3(1415.97-1662.32) | 0.05(0.02-0.08) | 3.63(2.95-4.39) | 4.57(3.7-5.53) | 0.94(0.82-1.06) | 91.99(74.8-108.81) | 107.8(88.51-126.96) | 0.69(0.58-0.79) | |
| Male | 26.58(24.14-29.28) | 32.86(29.96-35.88) | 0.68(0.66-0.7) | 1548.06(1420.38-1675.76) | 1619.23(1487.83-1749.47) | 0.07(0.04-0.11) | 4.89(3.93-5.94) | 5.91(4.79-7.14) | 0.83(0.68-0.97) | 114.29(92-136.53) | 134.5(109.41-160.69) | 0.76(0.62-0.9) | |
| Socio-demographic index | |||||||||||||
| High SDI | Both | 33.61(30.48-36.95) | 37.74(34.43-41.16) | 0.25(0.2-0.31) | 1205.47(1113.38-1293.97) | 1250.65(1162.65-1341.5) | 0.04(0.01-0.07) | 2.38(1.91-2.91) | 3.69(2.9-4.51) | 1.72(1.5-1.93) | 58.49(48.34-68.99) | 80.85(66.99-95.28) | 1.28(1.09-1.47) |
| Female | 31.3(28.34-34.32) | 34.35(31.4-37.47) | 0.21(0.16-0.26) | 1164.38(1074.72-1249.21) | 1209.99(1121.13-1299.26) | 0.06(0.02-0.09) | 2.18(1.74-2.68) | 3.31(2.58-4.06) | 1.64(1.41-1.86) | 54.02(44.85-63.6) | 72.67(60.43-85.6) | 1.16(0.96-1.35) | |
| Male | 36.85(33.42-40.58) | 41.67(38-45.49) | 0.23(0.17-0.3) | 1267(1173-1359.65) | 1303.08(1214.18-1396.37) | -0.01(-0.05-0.03) | 2.73(2.19-3.37) | 4.17(3.27-5.17) | 1.68(1.49-1.88) | 64.8(53.12-76.69) | 90.37(74.26-107.3) | 1.33(1.14-1.52) | |
| High-middle SDI | Both | 21.41(19.36-23.65) | 27.03(24.56-29.74) | 0.88(0.86-0.9) | 1524.61(1394.09-1662.33) | 1528.13(1398.48-1655.86) | 0.02(-0.01-0.06) | 2.99(2.43-3.63) | 3.13(2.54-3.79) | 0.34(0.17-0.51) | 72.84(59.13-86.62) | 73.88(61.08-87.11) | 0.27(0.12-0.42) |
| Female | 20.04(18.12-22.2) | 25.15(22.84-27.63) | 0.84(0.81-0.87) | 1534.9(1399.23-1680.73) | 1526.26(1396.3-1655.27) | 0.03(-0.01-0.07) | 2.51(2.02-3.04) | 2.73(2.17-3.33) | 0.43(0.27-0.58) | 63.7(52.01-75.22) | 65.99(54.35-78.06) | 0.3(0.16-0.44) | |
| Male | 23.59(21.24-26.05) | 29.54(26.84-32.46) | 0.87(0.84-0.9) | 1523.6(1396.24-1654.39) | 1535.61(1410.33-1663.21) | 0.01(-0.03-0.04) | 3.84(3.06-4.73) | 3.75(3.02-4.61) | 0.13(-0.06-0.32) | 86.51(69.61-103.39) | 84.11(69.8-100.32) | 0.16(0-0.32) | |
| Low SDI | Both | 15.65(14.2-17.3) | 19.61(17.7-21.68) | 0.93(0.87-0.99) | 1275.18(1167.68-1387.65) | 1325.6(1218.77-1433.87) | 0.01(-0.04-0.06) | 6.9(5.27-8.63) | 6.69(5.26-8.16) | -0.12(-0.19–0.05) | 149.58(115.74-182.93) | 146.36(115.93-178) | -0.07(-0.15-0) |
| Female | 14.26(12.87-15.86) | 19.01(17.09-21.04) | 0.99(0.96-1.01) | 1234.51(1131.55-1347.02) | 1273.82(1173.66-1373.46) | 0.01(-0.04-0.06) | 5.8(4.35-7.58) | 5.88(4.62-7.26) | 0.04(0-0.08) | 129.35(98.11-162.2) | 130.76(103.2-160.77) | 0.03(-0.01-0.07) | |
| Male | 16.98(15.38-18.83) | 20.24(18.29-22.36) | 0.9(0.8-1) | 1314.47(1202.12-1433.01) | 1378.76(1264.97-1494.27) | 0.02(-0.03-0.07) | 8.02(6.01-10.34) | 7.58(5.82-9.47) | -0.19(-0.3–0.08) | 169.42(128.6-211.12) | 162.94(126.37-201.68) | -0.12(-0.23–0.01) | |
| Low-middle SDI | Both | 19.17(17.32-21.27) | 25.18(22.81-27.8) | 0.83(0.78-0.88) | 1589.04(1455.16-1735.41) | 1626.8(1495.56-1764.1) | -0.08(-0.14–0.01) | 5.64(4.43-6.94) | 6.41(5.07-7.8) | 0.45(0.28-0.62) | 135.5(106.29-165.68) | 152.04(119.82-184.33) | 0.46(0.29-0.62) |
| Female | 17.28(15.57-19.24) | 23.06(20.85-25.45) | 0.91(0.87-0.95) | 1530.34(1396.91-1678.25) | 1542.18(1413.95-1666.62) | -0.11(-0.17–0.04) | 4.9(3.77-6.01) | 5.57(4.35-6.79) | 0.45(0.33-0.56) | 119.3(93.1-147.31) | 132.46(105.6-159.37) | 0.38(0.28-0.48) | |
| Male | 21.02(18.95-23.32) | 27.49(24.86-30.31) | 0.8(0.73-0.87) | 1645.58(1503.21-1793.96) | 1715.16(1573.13-1860.8) | -0.04(-0.1-0.03) | 6.41(4.87-8.26) | 7.36(5.76-9.1) | 0.5(0.27-0.73) | 151.6(116.86-190.7) | 173.3(134.47-214.64) | 0.55(0.33-0.77) | |
| Middle SDI | Both | 22.36(20.07-24.89) | 29.39(26.77-32.19) | 1.14(1.09-1.19) | 1730.5(1580.15-1892.77) | 1784.84(1637.95-1928.44) | 0.12(0.09-0.15) | 6.21(5.13-7.38) | 7.03(5.79-8.35) | 0.65(0.56-0.74) | 143.21(117.35-167.24) | 159.63(132.14-188.19) | 0.63(0.53-0.73) |
| Female | 21.63(19.39-24.09) | 28.95(26.45-31.67) | 1.07(1.03-1.12) | 1761.37(1603.45-1932.91) | 1769.3(1623.71-1914.5) | 0.07(0.03-0.1) | 5.85(4.83-7.05) | 6.38(5.15-7.65) | 0.49(0.4-0.58) | 138.25(112.44-162.95) | 146.37(120.26-173.15) | 0.42(0.33-0.51) | |
| Male | 23.28(20.9-25.89) | 29.92(27.21-32.9) | 1.2(1.11-1.29) | 1702.54(1555.65-1852.27) | 1802.96(1651.97-1949.35) | 0.17(0.13-0.21) | 6.71(5.47-8.04) | 7.85(6.37-9.41) | 0.79(0.69-0.88) | 149.59(121.97-177.17) | 174.55(143.29-208.71) | 0.82(0.71-0.92) | |
| Region | |||||||||||||
| Africa | Both | 19.93(18.02-22.14) | 31.53(28.61-34.82) | 1.62(1.59-1.66) | 1166.31(1075.35-1260.2) | 1331.27(1229.8-1430.13) | 0.42(0.4-0.44) | 8.1(6.23-10.07) | 8.54(6.68-10.62) | 0.25(0.21-0.29) | 167.24(130.39-204.11) | 173.75(136.33-213.95) | 0.2(0.16-0.24) |
| Female | 20.1(18.14-22.46) | 29.44(26.75-32.6) | 1.42(1.32-1.51) | 1181.96(1086.14-1280.44) | 1301.53(1202.73-1395.88) | 0.34(0.33-0.35) | 7.37(5.66-9.23) | 7.96(6.14-9.99) | 0.36(0.32-0.39) | 156.62(121.91-192.55) | 163(127.42-200.92) | 0.23(0.19-0.26) | |
| Male | 19.81(17.93-21.88) | 33.84(30.62-37.4) | 1.83(1.78-1.89) | 1151.24(1061.29-1242.84) | 1365.31(1261.02-1467.95) | 0.51(0.47-0.55) | 8.96(6.79-11.32) | 9.2(7.02-11.64) | 0.14(0.09-0.2) | 179.04(136.55-222.11) | 185.65(143.4-233.64) | 0.18(0.13-0.23) | |
| America | Both | 35.15(31.84-38.92) | 42.08(38.52-45.93) | 0.51(0.45-0.56) | 1365.5(1265.06-1464.74) | 1507.84(1401.23-1611.33) | 0.27(0.24-0.31) | 3.36(2.67-4.11) | 6.88(5.53-8.28) | 2.65(2.31-3) | 87.55(70.61-103.98) | 159.55(130.3-189.7) | 2.19(1.89-2.48) |
| Female | 33.46(30.34-36.9) | 39.41(36.14-42.93) | 0.45(0.39-0.51) | 1343.57(1241.32-1442.57) | 1461.49(1356.91-1562.6) | 0.22(0.18-0.25) | 3.07(2.44-3.76) | 6.18(4.96-7.44) | 2.55(2.16-2.94) | 81.29(65.76-96.19) | 144.25(118.24-171.56) | 2.05(1.71-2.38) | |
| Male | 37.32(33.59-41.43) | 45.22(41.18-49.58) | 0.55(0.49-0.61) | 1396.83(1293.07-1499.89) | 1562.78(1454.16-1672.99) | 0.32(0.28-0.36) | 3.77(2.99-4.6) | 7.76(6.15-9.41) | 2.72(2.42-3.02) | 95.49(76.92-113.48) | 177.54(143.75-212.34) | 2.3(2.05-2.56) | |
| Asia | Both | 22.3(20.15-24.62) | 26.7(24.26-29.28) | 0.61(0.6-0.62) | 1709.44(1559.63-1868.1) | 1705.51(1560.86-1849.21) | -0.04(-0.07–0.01) | 5.42(4.48-6.47) | 5.34(4.38-6.35) | 0.04(-0.07-0.15) | 127.59(104.29-149.71) | 125.92(103.65-148.98) | 0.13(0.02-0.25) |
| Female | 20.46(18.4-22.65) | 24.53(22.3-26.9) | 0.66(0.65-0.67) | 1715.71(1562.7-1885.73) | 1683.3(1540.06-1822.49) | -0.05(-0.08–0.02) | 4.89(4.02-5.82) | 4.71(3.78-5.65) | -0.07(-0.16-0.01) | 117.49(95.42-139.45) | 112.5(91.92-132.92) | -0.01(-0.09-0.08) | |
| Male | 24.33(22.02-26.89) | 29.13(26.43-31.95) | 0.58(0.55-0.6) | 1707.16(1561.63-1856.81) | 1731.3(1589.18-1877.52) | -0.02(-0.06-0.01) | 6.13(4.97-7.44) | 6.13(5-7.35) | 0.13(-0.01-0.27) | 139.28(112.14-166.1) | 140.8(115.64-169.88) | 0.25(0.1-0.39) | |
| Europe | Both | 23.82(21.51-26.15) | 30.57(27.96-33.37) | 0.82(0.79-0.84) | 1269.7(1166.51-1373.35) | 1269.95(1175.27-1366.01) | -0.1(-0.15–0.05) | 1.77(1.36-2.25) | 2.13(1.6-2.75) | 1.09(0.96-1.22) | 41.77(33.14-51.04) | 44.42(35.31-54.08) | 0.46(0.39-0.53) |
| Female | 22.95(20.75-25.17) | 28.31(25.75-30.97) | 0.68(0.65-0.71) | 1228.51(1129.87-1329.52) | 1209.49(1119.17-1301.51) | -0.13(-0.17–0.09) | 1.53(1.16-1.94) | 1.94(1.44-2.52) | 1.29(1.14-1.44) | 37.25(29.75-45.45) | 40.2(32.33-48.64) | 0.47(0.41-0.53) | |
| Male | 25.47(22.92-28.04) | 33.68(30.73-36.64) | 0.92(0.89-0.94) | 1327.69(1225.96-1433.46) | 1343.9(1241.99-1447.52) | -0.08(-0.13–0.03) | 2.26(1.71-2.92) | 2.43(1.83-3.18) | 0.65(0.53-0.77) | 49.32(38.7-61.37) | 50.09(39.51-61.86) | 0.33(0.25-0.42) | |
| Andean Latin America | Both | 19.96(18.06-22.26) | 37.98(34.1-41.96) | 2.23(2.11-2.35) | 1401.81(1181.45-1679.85) | 1660.07(1426-1945.63) | 0.53(0.51-0.56) | 6.51(5.11-8.06) | 9.85(7.38-12.66) | 1.66(1.36-1.96) | 138.91(108.25-169.77) | 198.82(151.5-253.93) | 1.43(1.16-1.7) |
| Australasia | Both | 33.96(31.6-36.64) | 38.4(34.75-42.31) | 0.34(0.28-0.4) | 978.34(907.27-1049.67) | 1012.3(937-1096.36) | 0.07(0.03-0.12) | 0.58(0.43-0.78) | 1.02(0.7-1.46) | 2.58(2.18-2.98) | 17.34(13.81-21.58) | 25.2(19.08-32.44) | 1.53(1.27-1.78) |
| Caribbean | Both | 20.72(18.6-23.15) | 32.91(29.94-36.13) | 1.55(1.43-1.66) | 1367.33(1247.76-1495.93) | 1524.92(1405.22-1646.62) | 0.33(0.31-0.35) | 4.94(3.99-5.93) | 6.52(5-8.15) | 1.43(1.29-1.58) | 121.07(97.08-146.39) | 164.33(129.45-202.86) | 1.44(1.33-1.54) |
| Central Asia | Both | 13.01(11.43-14.88) | 21.75(19.19-24.65) | 1.89(1.71-2.07) | 1574.2(1430.38-1732.96) | 1693.4(1553.87-1845.1) | 0.22(0.17-0.26) | 2.66(1.99-3.46) | 4.48(3.5-5.54) | 1.73(1.3-2.15) | 78.61(60.41-98.13) | 117.66(93.25-142.98) | 1.17(0.77-1.58) |
| Central Europe | Both | 18.61(16.6-20.87) | 28.65(25.85-31.68) | 1.24(1.12-1.35) | 1280.91(1173.03-1395.65) | 1338.32(1232.46-1445.35) | 0.05(0.01-0.08) | 1.87(1.41-2.35) | 1.83(1.35-2.4) | 0.2(-0.05-0.44) | 48.91(37.72-60.54) | 47.48(36.46-59.44) | 0.09(-0.07-0.24) |
| Central Latin America | Both | 36.83(33.01-41.52) | 53.46(49.17-58.15) | 1.18(1.1-1.27) | 1949.19(1784.98-2120.56) | 2174.88(2015.47-2342.85) | 0.3(0.27-0.33) | 6.99(5.68-8.33) | 13.25(10.48-16.16) | 2.44(2.1-2.79) | 164.34(135.96-192) | 320.2(255.6-388.56) | 2.5(2.15-2.85) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | Both | 11.78(10.63-12.97) | 15.86(14.22-17.42) | 1.04(0.95-1.14) | 1094.58(991.23-1217.6) | 1114.36(1016.32-1221.23) | 0(-0.04-0.03) | 7.81(5.94-9.87) | 6.86(4.81-9.13) | -0.54(-0.59–0.5) | 158.7(119.27-200.54) | 137.93(98.29-181.44) | -0.58(-0.63–0.53) |
| East Asia | Both | 19.76(17.64-22.04) | 21.7(19.63-24.02) | 0.53(0.44-0.61) | 1683.22(1529.89-1856.17) | 1614.67(1465.8-1768.41) | 0.02(-0.08-0.12) | 4.04(3.32-4.8) | 3.71(2.96-4.44) | 0.04(-0.1-0.19) | 100.28(80.75-119.3) | 86.06(69.83-102.66) | -0.08(-0.24-0.08) |
| Eastern Europe | Both | 13.54(12.05-15.21) | 19.38(17.33-21.82) | 1.33(1.14-1.51) | 1791.58(1632.18-1961.24) | 1781.78(1633.91-1931.68) | -0.07(-0.11–0.03) | 0.48(0.35-0.64) | 0.61(0.44-0.84) | 0.81(0.62-1.01) | 18.28(13.99-23.18) | 21.53(16.5-27.48) | 0.46(0.33-0.6) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | Both | 12.01(10.9-13.23) | 15.19(13.64-16.83) | 0.8(0.73-0.87) | 1063.77(974.74-1159.28) | 1097.74(1012.52-1186.64) | 0.05(0.02-0.08) | 7.71(5.91-9.86) | 7.12(5.64-8.87) | -0.35(-0.41–0.28) | 160.33(123.68-199.27) | 139.28(110.65-169.71) | -0.58(-0.65–0.5) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | Both | 36.22(33-39.95) | 38.16(34.72-41.98) | 0.03(-0.01-0.08) | 1536.74(1416.33-1664.2) | 1486.78(1379.2-1599.84) | -0.2(-0.22–0.17) | 4.86(4.02-5.73) | 3.49(2.76-4.19) | -1.16(-1.3–1.02) | 98.87(83.9-113.3) | 73.24(61.75-85.24) | -0.87(-1.06–0.68) |
| High-income North America | Both | 38.8(34.84-43.15) | 41.61(37.62-45.89) | 0.09(0-0.18) | 1232.98(1136.28-1328.65) | 1320.68(1220.86-1417.1) | 0.18(0.13-0.22) | 1.88(1.39-2.46) | 5.05(3.93-6.21) | 3.58(3.15-4.01) | 53.76(41.87-66.08) | 113.61(91.76-135.29) | 2.73(2.38-3.08) |
| North Africa and Middle East | Both | 35.05(31.66-38.83) | 61.33(55.98-67.44) | 2.03(1.92-2.14) | 1413.38(1306.46-1525.98) | 1762.51(1636.48-1893.37) | 0.79(0.76-0.82) | 10.67(8.3-14.01) | 9.58(7.47-11.95) | -0.21(-0.3–0.13) | 222.15(175.54-274.43) | 205.94(162.38-253.6) | -0.13(-0.18–0.07) |
| Oceania | Both | 15.17(13.44-16.89) | 19.77(17.47-22.07) | 0.77(0.71-0.83) | 1839.48(1661.26-2051.21) | 1870.4(1692.5-2060.51) | -0.03(-0.06-0) | 7.12(5.7-8.71) | 8.23(6.58-10.14) | 0.34(0.14-0.53) | 182.83(144.01-224.89) | 206.91(164.32-256.32) | 0.27(0.07-0.47) |
| South Asia | Both | 19.13(17.16-21.38) | 23.58(21.1-26.18) | 0.53(0.43-0.63) | 1691.3(1547.37-1846.62) | 1714.22(1569.95-1864.4) | -0.2(-0.31–0.09) | 5.34(3.92-6.91) | 5.88(4.47-7.41) | 0.23(-0.06-0.52) | 127.52(95.75-161.41) | 143.36(108.63-179.93) | 0.45(0.19-0.71) |
| Southeast Asia | Both | 19.14(17.27-21.2) | 29.11(26.35-31.92) | 1.41(1.39-1.44) | 1982.97(1801.55-2179.38) | 2094.35(1918.32-2276.54) | 0.12(0.08-0.15) | 9.57(8.03-11.28) | 10.06(8.22-12.04) | 0.24(0.17-0.31) | 226.44(184.91-267.62) | 235.7(194.17-281.24) | 0.23(0.17-0.3) |
| Southern Latin America | Both | 28.35(25.28-31.4) | 38.54(34.99-42.37) | 1.04(0.95-1.13) | 1074.34(981.95-1160.8) | 1226.92(1133.37-1327.77) | 0.44(0.41-0.47) | 5.86(4.61-7.2) | 7.37(5.76-9.24) | 0.81(0.46-1.16) | 124.21(99.31-148.26) | 142.69(113.09-173.69) | 0.47(0.18-0.77) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | Both | 21.47(19.23-24.08) | 29.93(27.01-32.99) | 1.05(0.85-1.25) | 1260.86(1159.11-1368.86) | 1382.43(1276.29-1490.27) | 0.24(0.18-0.31) | 4.74(3.53-6.23) | 7.86(6.14-9.87) | 2.32(1.97-2.66) | 106.17(79.5-135.34) | 162.32(125.88-201.31) | 2.01(1.7-2.33) |
| Tropical Latin America | Both | 24.63(22.18-27.37) | 32.01(29.15-35.36) | 0.83(0.76-0.9) | 1202.69(1107.92-1299.73) | 1255.66(1161.7-1346.01) | 0.08(0.05-0.11) | 4.59(3.7-5.49) | 4.71(3.78-5.67) | 0.17(0.08-0.26) | 106.48(86.54-126.13) | 106.63(87.46-126.49) | -0.1(-0.22-0.02) |
| Western Europe | Both | 29.12(26.21-31.99) | 31.65(28.77-34.47) | 0.19(0.12-0.25) | 946.84(875.58-1018) | 938.14(871.53-1003.36) | -0.19(-0.25–0.13) | 1.73(1.27-2.31) | 2.13(1.52-2.87) | 1.17(1.04-1.31) | 37.65(29.23-46.55) | 37.99(29.94-47.8) | 0.2(0.14-0.25) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | Both | 16.69(15.1-18.31) | 22.47(20.24-24.77) | 1.13(1.03-1.22) | 1056.66(971.5-1142.21) | 1156.15(1065.21-1241.99) | 0.29(0.26-0.31) | 8.01(6-10.38) | 7.8(6.06-9.8) | -0.15(-0.22–0.08) | 159.76(118.81-202.51) | 155.3(119.85-194.88) | -0.13(-0.2–0.06) |
ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; ASPR, age-standardized prevalence rate; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; DALY, disability adjusted life-year; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; SDI, socio-demographic index; UI, uncertainty interval.