Table 1.
Baseline clinico-pathological data of lupus nephritis patients.
| Number of patients | 325 |
|---|---|
| Gender (Female/Male) | 271/54 |
| Age (mean ± s.d.) (years) | 32.8 ± 11.5 |
| Hypertension, n(%) (blood pressure≧140/90mmHg) | 166 (51.1%) |
| Pleuritis, n(%) | 55 (16.3%) |
| Neurological disorder, n(%) | 25 (7.7%) |
| Anemia, n(%) | 219 (67.4%) |
| Thrombocytopenia, n(%) | 104 (32.0%) |
| Hematuria, n(%) | 249 (76.6%) |
| Acute kidney injury, n(%) | 67 (20.6%) |
| Urine protein (median and range) (g/24h) | 4.3 (0-21.0) |
| Serum creatinine value (median and range) (μmmol/l) | 83.0 (37.1-971.0) |
| C3 (median, IQR) (g/L) | 0.43 (0.32-0.62) |
| C4 (median, IQR) (g/L)* | 0.11 (0.04-0.16) |
| ANA positivity, n(%) | 320 (98.5%) |
| Anti-dsDNA Ab positivity, n(%) | 213 (65.5%) |
| Numbers with positive aCL, n(%)# | 19/198 (9.6%) |
| SLEDAI (mean ± s.d.) | 17.4 ± 5.8 |
| Class II (%) | 19 (5.8%) |
| Class III (%) | 67 (20.6%) (28 III+V) |
| Class IV (%) | 178 (54.8%) (33 IV+V) |
| Class V (%) | 59 (18.2%) |
| Class VI (%) | 2 (0.6%) |
| AI score (median; IQR) | 8; 4-11 |
| Endocapillary hypercellularity (median; IQR) | 3; 1-3 |
| Cellular crescents (median; IQR) | 0; 0-2 |
| Karyorrhexis/fibrinoid necrosis (median; IQR) | 0; 0-2 |
| Subendothelial hyaline deposits (median; IQR) | 1; 0-2 |
| Interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration (median; IQR) | 1; 1-2 |
| Glomerular leukocyte infiltration (median; IQR) | 1; 0-1 |
| CI score (median; IQR) | 2; 2-4 |
| Glomerular sclerosis (median; IQR) | 0; 0-1 |
| Fibrous crescents (median; IQR) | 0; 0-0 |
| Tubular atrophy (median; IQR) | 1; 1-1 |
| Interstitial fibrosis (median; IQR) | 1; 1-1 |
| Renal microvascular lesions | 267 (82.2%) |
| ICD (%) | 240 (73.8%) |
| AS (%) | 84 (25.8%) |
| TMA (%) | 58 (17.8%) |
| NNV (%) | 13 (4.0%) |
| TRV (%) | 2 (0.6%) |
| Treatment | |
| Oral prednisone | 325 (100%) |
| Cyclophosphamide | 254 (78.2%) |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 27 (8.3%) |
| Leflunomide | 12 (3.7%) |
| Azathioprine | 3 (0.9%) |
| Cyclosporine | 1 (0.3%) |
ANA, antinuclear antibody; Anti-dsDNA Ab, Anti-double-stranded DNA antibody; aCL, anti-cardiolipin antibody; SLEDAI, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index; AI, activity index; CI, chronicity index; ICD, immune complex deposits; AS, atherosclerosis; TMA, thrombotic microangiopathy; NNV, noninflammatory necrotizing vasculopathy; TRV, true renal vasculitis; n, number; s.d., standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.*C4 was analyzed based on the data of 239 patients with C4 level tested at the onset of the disease; #aCL was analyzed based on the data of 198 patients with aCL level tested at the onset of the disease.