Table 5.

Univariate survival analysis of patients’ renal prognosis in lupus nephritis.

	Hazard ratio	95% Confidence intervals		P-Value
		Lower	Upper
Sex (Male vs. Female)	0.414	0.175	0.981	0.045
Age (per year)	0.977	0.946	1.009	0.155
Hypertension (present vs. absent)	0.504	0.240	1.055	0.069
Neurological disorder (present vs. absent)	1.439	0.506	4.094	0.495
Thrombocytopenia (present vs. absent)	1.012	0.483	2.120	0.974
Serum creatinine (per μmol/L)	1.007	1.005	1.008	<0.001
Acute renal injury (present vs. absent)	8.097	4.031	16.263	<0.001
Proteinuria (per g/24 hours)	1.046	0.960	1.140	0.300
Anti-dsDNA antibodies (present vs. absent)	2.501	1.108	5.647	0.027
aCL (present vs. absent)	0.903	0.253	4.742	1.096
Serum C4 level (per g/L)	0.910	0.157	5.287	0.916
Glomerular C4d intensity (per intensity point)	0.718	0.496	1.037	0.077
TBM C4d deposition (present vs. absent)	1.558	0.783	3.101	0.207
Arteriolar C4d deposition (present vs. absent)	2.074	1.056	4.075	0.034
Arteriolar C4d and C3c deposition (present vs. absent)	3.652	1.736	7.683	0.001
PTC C4d deposition (present vs. absent)	1.045	0.522	2.093	0.901
SLEDAI (per point)	1.017	0.961	1.077	0.555
AI score (per point)	1.181	1.090	1.280	<0.001
CI score (per point)	1.371	1.205	1.559	<0.001
Renal microvascular lesions score (per point)	1.419	1.073	1.876	0.014
Treatment
Prednisone alone (reference)	1.0
Cyclophosphamide (IV)	1.617	0.386	6.774	0.511
Cyclophosphamide (oral)	0.618	0.056	6.831	0.695
MMF	2.316	0.420	12.780	0.335
LN sub-class
III (reference)	1.0
IV	12.160	1.659	89.133	0.014
V	2.195	0.199	24.214	0.521

dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; aCL, anti-cardiolipin antibody; SLEDA, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; AI, activity indices; CI, chronicity indices; IV, intravenous; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; LN, lupus nephritis.