Table 2.
Changes in outcome measures between pre- and post-evaluation.
| Nordic walking group (n = 14) |
Walking group (n = 19) |
Control group (n = 11) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference | 95% Cl | P-value | Difference | 95% Cl | P-value | Difference | 95% Cl | P-value | ||||
| MVPA (min/week) | 53.8 | 19.9 | 87.7 | <0.01 | 55.8 | 10.1 | 101.4 | 0.02 | −0.9 | −30.3 | 28.6 | 0.95 |
| Dominant hand grip strength (kg) | −0.4 | −2.2 | 1.3 | 0.60 | −0.7 | −1.6 | 0.2 | 0.10 | −0.9 | −2.4 | 0.7 | 0.25 |
| Maximal walking speed (m/s) | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.04 | 0.0 | −0.2 | 0.1 | 0.50 | 0.0 | −0.1 | 0.1 | 0.54 |
| Single leg stance test (s) | −0.4 | −4.1 | 3.3 | 0.82 | 4.0 | −0.4 | 8.4 | 0.08 | 7.5 | −4.7 | 19.7 | 0.20 |
| Timed Up and Go test (s) | 0.0 | −0.3 | 0.3 | 0.88 | −0.1 | −0.4 | 0.2 | 0.49 | 0.1 | −0.2 | 0.4 | 0.42 |
| MoCA-J score (point) | 1.7 | 0.4 | 3.0 | <0.01 | 0.8 | −0.4 | 2.0 | 0.17 | −0.2 | −1.8 | 1.5 | 0.81 |
| Delta TMT (s) | −26.0 | −71.9 | 19.9 | 0.27 | 29.3 | −14.2 | 72.8 | 0.17 | −22.3 | −97.3 | 52.7 | 0.56 |
Notes: Paired t-test was conducted. Difference indicates a difference of outcome measures between pre- and post-evaluation in each group.
Abbreviations: MVPA; Moderate to vigorous physical activity, MoCA-J score; Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, TMT; Trail making test.