Table 2.

Vibrational bands and their assignments for spectra collected from plant leaves and seeds

Band (cm-1)	Vibrational mode	Assignment
480	C–C–O and C–C–C Deformations; Related to glycosidic ring skeletal deformations δ(C–C–C) + τ(C–O) Scissoring of C–C–C and out-of-plane bending of C–O	Carbohydrates [51]
520	ν(C–O–C) Glycosidic	Cellulose [52, 53]
747	γ(C–O–H) of COOH	Pectin [54]
849–853	(C6–C5–O5–C1–O1)	Pectin [55]
917	ν(C–O–C) In plane, symmetric	Cellulose, phenylpropanoids [52]
964–969	δ(CH2)	Aliphatics [56, 57]
1000–1005	In-plane CH3 rocking of polyene aromatic ring of phenylalanine	Carotenoids [58]; protein
1048	ν(C–O) + ν(C–C) + δ(C–O–H)	Cellulose, phenylpropanoids [52]
1080	ν(C–O) + ν(C–C) + δ(C–O–H)	Carbohydrates [51]
1115–1119	Sym ν(C–O–C), C–O–H bending	Cellulose [52]
1155	C–C Stretching; v(C–O–C), v(C–C) in glycosidic linkages, asymmetric ring breathing	Carotenoids [58],carbohydrates [59]
1185	ν(C–O–H) Next to aromatic ring + σ(CH)	Carotenoids [58]
1218	δ(C–C–H)	Carotenoids [58], xylan [60]
1265	Guaiacyl ring breathing, C–O stretching (aromatic); –C=C–	Phenylpropanoids [61], unsaturated fatty acids [62]
1286	δ(C–C–H)	Aliphatics [56]
1301	δ(C–C–H) + δ(O–C–H) + δ(C–O–H)	Carbohydrates [51, 63]
1327	δCH2 Bending	Aliphatics, cellulose, phenylpropanoids [52]
1339	ν(C–O); δ(C–O–H)	Carbohydrates [51]
1387	δCH2 Bending	Aliphatics [56]
1443–1446	δ(CH2) + δ(CH3)	Aliphatics [56]
1515–1535	–C=C– (in plane)	Carotenoids [64–66]
1606–1632	ν(C–C) Aromatic ring + σ(CH)	Phenylpropanoids [67, 68]
1654–1660	–C=C–, C=O Stretching, amide I	Unsaturated fatty acids [62], proteins [64]
1682	COOH	Carboxylic acids [43]
1717–1748	C=O Stretching	Esters, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and ketones [69]