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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 4.
Published in final edited form as: J Periodontol. 2021 Jan 6;92(10):1483–1495. doi: 10.1002/JPER.20-0529

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Osteocytes displaying senescent features accumulate in alveolar bone with aging. Expression of established senescence biomarkers were evaluated in alveolar bone samples from 6-month-old and 20- to 22-month-old wild-type mice. A and B) Representative images of normal and senescent alveolar bone osteocytes using the SADS assay (see white arrows for distended DNA satellites); magnification 100×. C) Percentage of alveolar bone osteocytes displaying SADS (from Panels A-B). D) γH2AX immunofluorescence signal (red) showing age-dependent DNA damage. E) Images displaying p53 signal (green). F) The DNA damage pathway p38 MAPK is displayed in green. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. G) p16Ink4a, p21, and p53 expression from osteocyte-enriched populations isolated from young and old alveolar bone without in vitro cell culture (n = 10). H) Osteocyte-enriched fraction from old alveolar bone exhibited upregulated expression of the following factors: IGFBP4, IL6, IL17, and MMP13. Data represent mean ± SEM. Significant changes are indicated by *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 relative to young versus old samples