Table 1.

Parameters used in glucose dynamics model for healthy nondiabetic subjects

Parameter	Description	Unit	Value	Source
${\text{r}}_{brain}^G$	Metabolic clearance rate of glucose in the brain	mg/min	71	[32, p. 219]
${\text{r}}_{heart}^G$	Metabolic clearance rate of glucose in the heart	mg/min	3.7	[32, p. 219]
${\text{r}}_{kidney}^G$	Metabolic clearance rate of glucose in the kidneys	mg/min	3.7	[32, p. 219]
${\text{r}}_{gut}^G$	Metabolic clearance rate of glucose in the gut	mg/min	16.6b	[32, p. 219]
${\text{r}}_{peri}^G$	Basal metabolic clearance rate of glucose in the peripheral tissue	mg/min	45.2	[32, p. 219]
${\text{r}}_{liv}^G$	Basal metabolic clearance rate of glucose in the liver	mg/min	14.8b	[32, p. 219]
${\text{r}}_{S{M}_{ins}}^G$	Insulin sensitivity of glucose clearance in skeletal muscle	mg/min per lU/mL	5	[34]
${\text{r}}_{S{M}_{exr}}^G$	Exercise sensitivity of glucose clearance in skeletal muscle	mg/min per E	860	[2, 16, 17, 35, 36]c
$V_{C{S}_N}^G$	Normalized volume of distribution of glucose in circulatory system	mL/kga	0.7	[7]
$V_{S{M}_N}^G$	Normalized volume of distribution of glucose in skeletal muscle	mL/kga	0.96	[7]
$V_{S{M}_N}^{tiss}$	Normalized volume of tissue in skeletal muscle	mL/kga	540	[41]
τliv	Time lag of insulin action of liver glucose uptake	min	25	[7]
$Q_{d_{rest}}$	Tissue perfusion rate in skeletal muscle tissue at rest	mLb/mLtiss/min	0.038	[41]
$P{S}_{d_{rest}}^G$	Capillary permeability surface area to glucose during rest	mLb/mLtiss/min	0.01	[38–40]
Rd	Capillary recruitment factor in skeletal muscle tissue	1	1.46	[19, 56, 57]c
γ	Capillary recruitment saturation rate	1	10	[19, 56, 57]c
λd	Sensitivity of tissue perfusion rate to exercise	mLb/mLtiss/min per E	1.1	[37]
τEGP	Time lag of exercise action on endogenous glucose production	min	20	[16, 17]c
η	Maximum exercise action on endogenous glucose production	1	4	[16, 17]c
$V_{S{M}_N}^I$	Normalized volume of distribution of insulin in skeletal muscle	mL/kga	1.2	[7, 42]
${\text{r}}_{S{M}_N}^I$	Normalized metabolic clearance rate of insulin in skeletal muscle	1/min	0.02	[58–60]c
$P{S}_{d_{rest}}^I$	Capillary permeability surface area to insulin during rest	mLb/mLtiss/min	0.005	[39, 40]
h	Hematocrit percentage in blood	1	0.4	[43]

^aMultiplied by body weight (BW) prior to being used in model. See demographics for BW.

^bAdjusted to ensure that total liver uptake is approx 50% of ingested glucose [33, 46].

^cParameter is derived from data taken from specified sources