Table 2.
Characteristics of women with gestational diabetes mellitus stratified by GWG according to IOM guidelines
| Characteristic | Within (n = 560) (34.9%) |
Below (n = 545) (33.9%) |
Above (n = 501) (31.2%) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age | 32.75 ± 4.83 | 33.21 ± 4.36 | 31.86 ± 4.58 | < 0.001 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 22.72 ± 3.11 | 22.48 ± 2.62 | 23.68 ± 3.41 | < 0.001 |
| BMI category [n (%)] | < 0.001 | |||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 68(12.1) | 60(11.0) | 37(7.4) | |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 414(73.9) | 445(81.7) | 338(67.5) | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 71(12.7) | 37(6.8) | 108(21.6) | |
| Obese (≥ 30) | 7(1.3) | 3(0.6) | 18(3.6) | |
| Maternal education [n (%)]a | 0.002 | |||
| Low | 2(0.4) | 2(0.4) | 6(1.2) | |
| Medium | 100(17.9) | 76(13.9) | 112(22.4) | |
| High | 458(81.8) | 467(85.7) | 383(76.4) | |
| Caesarean history [n (%)] | 105(18.8) | 90(16.5) | 96(19.2) | 0.481 |
| Parity [n (%)] | 0.869 | |||
| Primiparous | 330(58.9) | 327(60.0) | 303(60.5) | |
| Multiparous | 230(41.1) | 218(40.0) | 198(39.5) | |
| IVF [n (%)] | 51(9.1) | 55(10.1) | 54(10.8) | 0.657 |
| Mode of delivery [n (%)] | < 0.001 | |||
| Vaginal | 325(58.0) | 346(63.5) | 254(50.7) | |
| Cesarean | 235(42.0) | 199(36.5) | 247(49.3) | |
| Gestational age (weeks, mean ± SD) | 38.16 ± 2.00 | 37.49 ± 2.46 | 38.61 ± 1.68 | < 0.001 |
| FPG on OGTT (mmol/L) | 5.03 ± 0.95 | 5.53 ± 0.78 | 5.62 ± 0.89 | < 0.001 |
| 2-h blood glucose on OGTT (mmol/L) | 8.83 ± 1.71 | 8.72 ± 1.65 | 8.49 ± 1.58 | < 0.001 |
IOM Institute of Medicine, GWG gestational weight gain, BMI Body Mass Index, IVF in-vitro fertilization, SD standard deviation, FPG fasting blood glucose, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test; a Low, primary school or less; Medium, middle and high school graduate; High, College or above