Table 4.
Association of adverse pregnancy outcome among gestational diabetes mellitus with IOM guideline on rate of GWG in second trimester of pregnancy
| Within (n = 243) | Below (n = 225) | Above (n = 199) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n(%) (Reference) | n (%) | crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | n (%) | crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Caesarean delivery | 99(40.7) | 88(39.1) | 0.85(0.72–1.21) | 0.69(0.59–1.11) | 86(43.2) | 0.95(0.72–1.43) | 0.83(0.69–1.32) |
| HDP | 13(5.3) | 10(4.4) | 0.62(0.39–1.13) | 0.60(0.36–1.16) | 31(15.6) | 3.25(1.74–3.88)a | 2.55(1.86–3.38)a |
| preeclampsia | 6(2.4) | 4(1.8) | 0.63(0.46–1.35) | 0.74(0.41–1.45) | 15(7.5) | 2.51(1.59–3.67)a | 2.28(1.21–3.81)b |
| PROM | 103(42.4) | 102(45.3) | 1.08(0.81–1.48) | 1.06(0.74–1.38) | 81(40.7) | 0.91(0.56–1.53) | 0.82(0.47–1.41) |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 22(9.1) | 24(10.7) | 1.15(0.76–1.89) | 1.09(0.69–1.71) | 19(9.5) | 1.08(0.45–1.77) | 1.10(0.51–1.63) |
| Fetal distress | 71(29.2) | 61(27.1) | 0.90(0.72–1.33) | 0.86(0.74–1.19) | 55(27.6) | 0.92(0.71–1.20) | 0.94(0.71–1.23) |
| Preterm birth | 39(16.0) | 43(19.1) | 1.19(0.73–1.72) | 1.11(0.64–1.65) | 29(14.6) | 0.893(0.45–1.49) | 0.78(0.40–1.28) |
| Macrosomia | 42(17.7) | 15(6.6) | 0.51(0.39–0.67)b | 0.66(0.52–0.78)b | 45(22.6) | 1.40(1.27–2.10)b | 1.20(1.02–1.82)b |
| SGA | 18(7.4) | 20(8.8) | 1.23(0.84–1.77) | 1.12(0.72–1.61) | 10(5.0) | 0.89(0.61–1.13) | 0.90(0.79–1.01) |
| LGA | 58(23.9) | 17(14.2) | 0.63(0.43–0.71)b | 0.71(0.51–0.82) b | 71(35.7) | 1.61(1.43–2.15)b | 1.42(1.24–1.97)b |
Multivariate analyses were adjusted for for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal education, IVF, FPG, 2-h blood glucose. The results were presented with an adjusted odds ratio, aOR (95% CI);
IOM, Institute of Medicine; GWG, gestational weight gain; HDP, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; PROM, premature rupture of the membranes; SGA, small for gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age; OR odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval
aP < 0.01
bP < 0.05,compared with the within IOM guideline subjects