Table 2.
Socio-demographic characteristics and developmental status (n = 177)
| Socio-demographic characteristics | Categories | n |
Normal development n (%) |
Delayed development n (%) |
OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 78 | 27 (34.6) | 51 (65.4) | 1.39 (0.75–2.57) | 0.29 |
| Female | 99 | 42 (42.4) | 57 (57.6) | Reference | ||
| Age (in months) | 6–24 | 151 | 50 (33.1) | 101 (66.9) | 5.48 (2.16–13.9) | < 0.01 |
| 25–59 | 26 | 19 (73.1) | 7 (26.9) | Reference | ||
| Monthly income (in PKR) | < 15,000 | 121 | 41 (33.9) | 80 (66.1) | 1.95 (1.02–3.72) | 0.04 |
| ≥ 15,000 | 56 | 28 (50.0) | 28 (50.0) | Reference | ||
| Mother’s education | Illiterate | 128 | 43 (33.6) | 85 (66.4) | 2.23 (1.14–4.36) | 0.01 |
| ≥ Primary | 49 | 26 (53.1) | 23 (46.9) | Reference | ||
| Mother’s occupation | Working | 19 | 10 (52.6) | 9 (47.4) | Reference | 0.20 |
| Housewife | 158 | 59 (37.3) | 99 (62.7) | 1.86 (0.72–4.85) | ||
| Father’s education | Illiterate | 109 | 36 (33.0) | 73 (67.0) | 1.91 (1.02–3.55) | 0.04 |
| ≥ Primary | 68 | 33 (48.5) | 35 (51.5) | Reference | ||
| Family size | < 8 | 40 | 22 (55.0) | 18 (45.0) | Reference | 0.01 |
| > 8 | 137 | 47 (34.3) | 90 (65.7) | 2.34 (1.14–4.79) | ||
| Family structure | Joint | 72 | 30 (41.7) | 42 (58.3) | Reference | 0.54 |
| Nuclear | 105 | 39 (37.1) | 66 (62.9) | 1.21 (0.65–2.32) |