Table 2.
Univariate analysis results in healthcare subjects compared to patients with and without diabetic foot
| Variables | DFS (n = 63) | NDFS (n = 30) | Healthy (n = 30) | pa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 66.57 ± 9.54 | 61.20 ± 9.40 | 64.83 ± 6.48 | 0.08 |
| SBP (mmHg) (mean ± SD) | 132.81 ± 13.81 | 130.83 ± 17.62 | 128.00 ± 10.38 | 0.39 |
| DBP (mmHg) (mean ± SD) | 71.14 ± 11.30b | 75.33 ± 10.08 | 77.66 ± 11.04 | 0.02 |
| Height (cm) (mean ± SD) | 168.33 ± 7.19c | 161.96 ± 20.12 | 163.93 ± 5.74 | 0.03 |
| Weight (kg) (mean ± SD) | 84.25 ± 14.10b | 87.10 ± 27.82b | 73.06 ± 9.92 | 0.005 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 29.54 ± 4.23 | 30.78 ± 6.67 | 28.08 ± 4.19 | 0.11 |
| RHI (mean ± SD) | 1.60 ± 0.33bc | 2.01 ± 0.69 | 2.20 ± 0.38 | < 0.0005 |
| MMSE (mean ± SD) | 26.77 ± 3.44 | 27.03 ± 2.53 | 27.96 ± 1.24 | 0.16 |
| MMSE corrected for age (mean ± SD) | 26.57 ± 3.33b | 27.16 ± 2.38 | 28.14 ± 1.15 | 0.03 |
| HbA1c (%) (mean ± SD) | 8.07 ± 1.26 | 7.74 ± 1.71 | – | 0.29 |
| RMSDD (ms) (mean ± SD) | 81.46 ± 95.22 | 46.23 ± 53.93 | 86.11 ± 74.04 | 0.10 |
| SDNN/5 min (ms) (mean ± SD) | 66.39 ± 23.97 | 59.40 ± 16.19 | 71.75 ± 22.52 | 0.09 |
| SD (ms) (mean ± SD) | 87.83 ± 50.65 | 85.69 ± 37.72 | 101.38 ± 47.07 | 0.34 |
| LF% (mean ± SD) | 19.63 ± 11.08 | 24.06 ± 13.64 | 55.35 ± 222.94 | 0.33 |
| HF% (mean ± SD) | 21.23 ± 14.68c | 11.10 ± 11.58 | 14.70 ± 11.15 | 0.002 |
| LF/HF (mean ± SD) | 1.63 ± 1.66c | 3.18 ± 2.82b | 1.07 ± 0.44 | < 0.0005 |
| Omentin-1 (ng/mL) (mean ± SD) | 18.95 ± 3.60bc | 21.80 ± 5.79b | 31.16 ± 4.53 | < 0.0005 |
| Vaspine (mean ± SD) | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.58 | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.23 |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; RHI, reactive hyperemia index; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; RMSSD, root mean square of the successive differences in 5 min; SDNN, standard deviation of the NN (R-R) intervals; SD, standard deviation; LF, low frequency; HF, high frequency; LF/HF, low frequency/high frequency
ap, intergroup differences among patient groups, univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc analysis with the Tukey test to determine pairwise intragroup differences
bvs healthy subjects, cvs NDFS