. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 15.

Published in final edited form as: J Econ Ageing. 2019 Nov 26;16:100232. doi: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2019.100232

Table A2.

Regressions of word recall for selected countries.

Regressor		Country
		China		USA		Korea
		Without edu	With edu	Without edu	With edu	Without edu	With edu
1930–1939	−0.567	−1.173^***	0.233^***	0.0159	0.0655	−0.00152
	(0.661)	(0.443)	(0.0882)	(0.125)	(0.101)	(0.114)
1940–1949	−0.774	−1.225^**	0.454^***	−0.226	0.0839	0.0358
	(0.634)	(0.517)	(0.0989)	(0.141)	(0.117)	(0.129)
1950–1959	−0.964	−1.196^**	0.231^**	−0.248	0.0669	0.0631
	(0.684)	(0.553)	(0.109)	(0.151)	(0.123)	(0.136)
Female	−1.403^***	−1.239^***	0.981^***	1.228^***	−0.716^***	−0.654^***
	(0.458)	(0.456)	(0.0886)	(0.136)	(0.107)	(0.117)
Female × 1930–1939	0.496	0.736	0.143	0.193	0.250^**	0.319^**
	(0.550)	(0.487)	(0.110)	(0.174)	(0.119)	(0.131)
Female × 1940–1949	0.996^**	0.895^*	0.0578	0.0319	0.519^***	0.585^***
	(0.478)	(0.479)	(0.115)	(0.190)	(0.114)	(0.127)
Female × 1950–1959	1.098^**	0.779^*	−0.0505	−0.247	0.57i^***	0.568***
	(0.472)	(0.465)	(0.116)	(0.200)	(0.112)	(0.130)
(age-50)/10	−0.450	0.188	0.00698	0.0626	−0.247^***	−0.165^***
	(0.286)	(0.221)	(0.0695)	(0.0655)	(0.0556)	(0.0552)
((age-50)/10)^2	−0.273^**	−0.442^***	−0.320^***	−0.335^***	−0.0910^***	−0.102^***
	(0.110)	(0.0810)	(0.0177)	(0.0168)	(0.0183)	(0.0182)
Education		1.402^***		1.529^***		0.303^**
		(0.343)		(0.0824)		(0.124)
Educ × 1930–1939		1.007		0.0965		0.0823
		(0.689)		(0.106)		(0.132)
Educ × 1940–1949		0.374		0.270^**		0.0222
		(0.377)		(0.112)		(0.128)
Educ × 1950–1959		−0.169		0.109		−0.0701
		(0.363)		(0.113)		(0.128)
Educ × Female		2.074		−0.0913		0.801**
		(1.267)		(0.124)		(0.375)
Edu × Fern × 1930 s		−1.660		−0.0263		−0.533
		(1.408)		(0.155)		(0.389)
Edu × Fern × 1940 s		−1.178		0.112		−0.769^**
		(1.297)		(0.161)		(0.379)
Edu × Fern × 1950 s		−0.0921		0.0668		−0.734*
		(1.289)		(0.165)		(0.378)

Constant	8.997^***	8.570^***	10.38^***	8.823^***	5.311^***	5.065^***
	(0.633)	(0.527)	(0.109)	(0.121)	(0.124)	(0.132)
N	29,867	29,867	126,703	126,703	28,997	28,997
Regressor	Country
	Estonia		Germany		Spain
	Without edu	With edu	Without edu	With edu	Without edu	With edu

1930–1939	0.613^**	0.477	0.0270	−0.0546	1.115^***	1.132^***
	(0.283)	(0.350)	(0.242)	(0.507)	(0.195)	(0.198)
1940–1949	0.828^**	0.799^**	0.613^**	0.194	2.391^***	2.246^***
	(0.339)	(0.390)	(0.260)	(0.502)	(0.229)	(0.235)
1950–1959	1.110^***	0.790*	1.311^***	0.930^*	3.557^***	3.289^***
	(0.378)	(0.434)	(0.286)	(0.546)	(0.277)	(0.287)
Female	0.627^**	0.677^*	−0.211	0.200	−0.131	−0.102
	(0.276)	(0.349)	(0.274)	(0.498)	(0.198)	(0.200)
Female × 1930–1939	0.128	0.00982	0.653^**	0.611	−0.245	−0.292
	(0.316)	(0.402)	(0.314)	(0.580)	(0.249)	(0.250)
Female × 1940–1949	0.704^**	0.178	1.050^***	1.283^**	0.0486	0.0387
	(0.307)	(0.402)	(0.303)	(0.576)	(0.255)	(0.260)
Female × 1950–1959	0.722^**	0.473	1.289^***	1.235^**	0.491^*	0.315
	(0.307)	(0.427)	(0.309)	(0.618)	(0.285)	(0.308)
(age-50)/10	−0.617^***	−0.442^**	0.618^***	0.631^***	0.547^***	0.724^***
	(0.222)	(0.209)	(0.179)	(0.171)	(0.195)	(0.187)
((age-50)/10)”2	−0.172^***	−0.157^***	−0.354^***	−0.348^***	−0.238^***	−0.260^***
	(0.0571)	(0.0536)	(0.0499)	(0.0473)	(0.0482)	(0.0463)
Education		1.066^***		1.169^***		0.928^***
		(0.279)		(0.309)		(0.288)
Educ × 1930–1939		0.266		0.0546		0.0296
		(0.313)		(0.360)		(0.358)
Educ × 1940–1949		0.311		0.286		0.317
		(0.304)		(0.347)		(0.328)
Educ × 1950–1959		0.650^**		0.305		0.347
		(0.316)		(0.368)		(0.335)
Educ × Female		0.299		0.406		0.849^*
		(0.364)		(0.394)		(0.490)
Edu × Fern × 1930s		−0.116		−0.157		−0.111
		(0.408)		(0.464)		(0.611)
Edu × Fern × 1940s		0.00750		−0.652		−0.444
		(0.402)		(0.448)		(0.543)
Edu × Fern × 1950s		−0.364		−0.537		−0.581
		(0.413)		(0.472)		(0.542)
Constant	9.215^***	7.698^***	8.705^***	7.154^***	4.614^***	4.132^***
	(0.409)	(0.433)	(0.301)	(0.484)	(0.294)	(0.287)
N	15,681	15,681	15,102	15,102	17,834	17,834

Standard errors in parentheses

p < 0.10

^**

p < 0.05

^***

p < 0.01.