Table 1.
Patient demographics and comorbidities
| Private Insurance (N=80,694) |
Medicare (N=30,150) |
Medicaid (N=20,995) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 55 (48-60) | 62 (54-67) | 52 (45-58) | <0.001 |
| Female | 34,659 (34.5) | 14,503 (38.6) | 10,925 (39.8) | <0.001 |
| Race | <0.001 | |||
| White | 75,888 (75.5) | 26,696 (71.1) | 15,392 (56.1) | |
| Black | 7,481 (7.4) | 3,159 (8.4) | 3,020 (11.0) | |
| Hispanic | 11,538 (11.5) | 5,937 (15.8) | 6,877 (25.1) | |
| Asian | 4,550 (4.5) | 1,296 (3.5) | 1,605 (5.9) | |
| Other* | 1,106 (1.1) | 458 (1.2) | 561 (2.0) | |
| Education | <0.001 | |||
| Less than high school | 2,724 (2.7) | 2,603 (6.9) | 3,049 (11.1) | |
| High school diploma/GED | 34,694 (34.5) | 15,920 (42.4) | 13,552 (49.4) | |
| Attended college | 23,026 (22.9) | 7,751 (20.7) | 4,837 (17.6) | |
| Associate's/Bachelor's degree | 18,167 (18.1) | 4,706 (12.5) | 2,027 (7.4) | |
| Graduate degree | 7,939 (7.9) | 2,071 (5.5) | 471 (1.7) | |
| Unknown | 13,980 (13.9) | 4,489 (12.0) | 3,518 (12.8) | |
| Waitlist Outcome | <0.001 | |||
| Transplanted | 59,406 (73.6) | 19,587 (65.0) | 14,029 (66.8) | |
| Death or Clinical Deterioration | 21,288 (26.4) | 10,563 (35.0) | 6,966 (33.2) | |
| Employed at listing | 29,599 (33.8) | 2,391 (6.9) | 1,570 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 23,387 (23.3) | 12,726 (33.9) | 6,176 (22.5) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis twice in prior week at listing | 4,123 (4.1) | 2,224 (6.0) | 1,568 (5.8) | <0.001 |
| Previous malignancy | 12,302 (12.2) | 6,723 (17.9) | 2,882 (10.5) | <0.001 |
| MELD score at listing | 15 (11-22) | 15 (11-21) | 16 (12-24) | <0.001 |
| Total days on waitlist | 173 (32-558) | 184 (42-481) | 173 (26-552) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease etiology | <0.001 | |||
| Alcoholic liver disease | 21,704 (21.6) | 7,425 (19.8) | 8,396 (30.6) | |
| Acute liver failure | 4,635 (4.6) | 921 (2.5) | 1,421 (5.2) | |
| Cholestatic liver disease | 8,657 (8.6) | 2,306 (6.1) | 1,094 (4.0) | |
| Hepatitis B | 2,296 (2.3) | 600 (1.6) | 705 (2.6) | |
| Hepatitis C | 24,755 (24.6) | 9,676 (25.8) | 7,500 (27.3) | |
| HCC | 8,373 (8.3) | 4,365 (11.6) | 2,257 (8.2) | |
| NASH | 8,824 (8.8) | 4,910 (13.1) | 1,410 (5.1) | |
| Other | 21,318 (21.2) | 7,343 (19.6) | 4,672 (17.0) | |
| Encephalopathy | <0.001 | |||
| None | 43,123 (42.3) | 14,441 (38.5) | 9.535 (34.8) | |
| Grade 1-2 | 50,135 (50.0) | 20,607 (55.0) | 15,315 (55.9) | |
| Grade 3-4 | 7,122 (7.1) | 2,455 (6.6) | 2,564 (9.4) | |
| Ascites | <0.001 | |||
| Absent | 30,144 (30.0) | 10,113 (27.0) | 6,586 (24.0) | |
| Slight | 49,998 (49.8) | 19,339 (51.6) | 14,095 (51.4) | |
| Moderate | 20,238 (20.2) | 8,051 (21.5) | 6,733 (24.6) | |
| UNOS Region | <0.001 | |||
| Region 1 | 4,493 (4.5) | 1,776 (4.7) | 1,705 (6.2) | |
| Region 2 | 12,599 (12.5) | 4,789 (12.8) | 3,056 (11.1) | |
| Region 3 | 12,866 (12.8) | 5,661 (15.1) | 2,655 (9.7) | |
| Region 4 | 12,310 (12.2) | 5,004 (13.3) | 1,742 (6.3) | |
| Region 5 | 17,412 (17.3) | 5,178 (13.8) | 6,668 (24.3) | |
| Region 6 | 2,653 (2.6) | 783 (2.1) | 699 (2.6) | |
| Region 7 | 8,142 (8.1) | 3,036 (8.1) | 2,534 (9.2) | |
| Region 8 | 6,347 (6.3) | 2,268 (6.0) | 1,848 (6.7) | |
| Region 9 | 7,748 (7.7) | 2,743 (7.3) | 2,813 (10.3) | |
| Region 10 | 7,846 (7.8) | 2,925 (7.8) | 2,042 (7.4) | |
| Region 11 | 8,147 (8.1) | 3,383 (9.0) | 1,693 (6.2) |
*
Other race includes American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander and multiracial. All continuous variables reported as median (IQR). All categorical variables reported as N (%). IQR: interquartile range; GED: general educational development; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma