Table 1. Results of mixed effects linear model to calculate L statistic significance at Powdermill Nature Reserve in Southwestern Pennsylvania for all comparisons of all individuals >10 cm height.

Model	dF	T Stat	P value	Figure
All individuals	2228	19.37	<0.0001	1a
All individuals, <0.5	781	-4.477	0.6689	1b
All individuals, 0.5–1	889	7.83	<0.0001	1b
All individuals, 1–5	797	8.5828	<0.0001	1b
All individuals, >5	358	-14.97	<0.0001	1b
Understory	1071	10.191	<0.0001	2a
Canopy	1059	5.796	<0.0001	2a
Canopy, <0.5 m tall	380	-7.14	<0.0001	2b
Canopy, 0.5–1 m tall	478	8.67	<0.0001	2b
Canopy, 1–5 m tall	463	9.14	<0.0001	2b
Canopy, >5 m tall	186	-10.71	<0.0001	2b
Understory, <0.5 m tall	397	2.045	0.0415	2c
Understory, 0.5–1 m tall	407	0.3348	0.7379	2c
Understory, 1–5 m tall	381	1.038	0.2998	2c
All individuals, bird dispersed	1159	2.86	0.0042	3a
All individuals, animal dispersed	200	-6.806	<0.0001	3a
All individuals, wind dispersed	803	3.404	<0.0001	3a
Overstory, wind dispersed	601	3.903	<0.0001	3b
Overstory, bird dispersed	250	5.482	<0.0001	3b
Understory, wind dispersed	199	-8.895	<0.0001	3b
Understory, bird dispersed	906	-3.533	0.0004	3b

To calculate significant differences from complete spatial random we used a mixed effects linear model with plot as a random effect to control for between plot differences due to environmental heterogeneity between plots. We report model degrees of freedom based on the number of L estimates (calculated every 10 cm per point pattern per plot). We report any pooled point pattern as overdispersed if it has a significantly positive slope and any pooled point pattern as clustered if it has a significantly negative slope.