Table 4. Single- and Multi-omics integration results for gpa2 by sensitivity analysis.

First block shows GSEA for transcriptomics with adjusted p-value <0.05, arranged in ascending order; second block shows MetaboAnalystR pathway enrichment analysis for metabolomics with combined p-value <0.05, arranged in ascending order; third block shows MetaboAnalystR joint pathway analysis with adjusted p-value <0.05, arranged in ascending order, as detailed in Methods.

Transcriptomics		Metabolomics		Integration
enriched pathways	adjusted p-value	enriched pathways	combined p-value	enriched pathways	adjusted p-value
N-Glycan biosynthesis	0.0050	Fructose and mannose metabolism	0.0044	Glycolysis or Gluconeogenesis	2.32E-06
Various types of N-glycan biosynthesis	0.0050	Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis	0.0183	Galactose metabolism	2.32E-06
DNA replication	0.0050	Methane metabolism	0.0211	Cell cycle	1.61E-05
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis	0.0050	Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism	0.0473	Pentose phosphate pathway	2.03E-05
Cysteine and methionine metabolism	0.0050			Starch and sucrose metabolism	3.41E-05
Starch and sucrose metabolism	0.0050			MAPK signaling pathway	0.0002
Galactose metabolism	0.0050			Meiosis	0.0010
Cell cycle	0.0056			Fructose and mannose metabolism	0.0010
Mismatch repair	0.0063			Purine metabolism	0.0025
Steroid biosynthesis	0.0308			Cysteine and methionine metabolism	0.0025
				Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum	0.0096
				Peroxisome	0.0124
				Spliceosome	0.0230
				Pyruvate metabolism	0.0238
				DNA replication	0.0238
				Longevity regulating pathway	0.0238
				Glycerolipid metabolism	0.0238
				beta-Alanine metabolism	0.0238
				Steroid biosynthesis	0.0238
				Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism	0.0238
				Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism	0.0238
				Inositol phosphate metabolism	0.0241