Table 1.

Characteristics of whiplash patients.

	Initial cohort	Participant recovered after 1 year	Non-recovered participants	Statistics
No.	143	126	12
Age (y)
Mean + SD	35.8 ± 10.5	35.9 ± 10.8	39.1 ± 11.2	P = .27	t test
Male/Female	68/75	59/67	6/6	P = 1.00	Fisher
Weight (kg)	74.7 ± 16.1	73.8 ± 15.6	80.1 ± 14.9	P = .20	t test
Height (cm)	174.3 ± 8.5	174.3 ± 8.1	170.2 ± 8.9	P = .11	t test
Marital status
Single	41	37	2	P = .51	KW
Married/Common law husband/wife	102	89	10
Highest education
Primary school	7	3	3	P = .13	KW
Secondary school	22	20	2
Practical education/Professional school	80	73	5
University graduate	16	15	1
University, uncompleted	15	13	0
Other	3	2	1 N.S.
Working with raised arm
Y/N (123 responders)	20/103	17/94	3/6	P = .17	Fisher
Work intensity
Mainly seated	43	39	3	P = .23	KW
Walks some/seated	41	39	2
Walks around mainly	27	23	3
Heavy lifting	7	7	0
Unreported	25	18	4
Motor vehicle collision
Deltaspeed (Δ km/h), Mean ± SD	43.1 ± 1.7	42.5 ± 19.7	48.2 ± 14.6	P = .33	t test
Car damage (0-100%)	44.6 ± 3.3	45.8 ± 36.8	30.9 ± 36.5	P = .10	t test

Abbreviations: Fisher: Fisher exact, 2-sided; KW, Kruskal-Wallis; t test: Student’s t test.