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. 2021 Jul 1;11:686479. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.686479

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Copyright © 2021 Redanz, Redanz, Treerat, Prakasam, Lin, Merritt and Kreth

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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. Cytokine response of immortalized human gingival keratinocyte cell line hTERT-TIGKs. Supernatants were collected 6 h after biofilm challenge. The protein abundance (pg/ml) of CXCL8/IL-8, TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL1/GRO-α was determined using a Magnetic Luminex Assay. Unchallenged cells (no spacer, “control”) and the spacer placed onto the confluent cell layer (“spacer”) served as controls. (A) IL-6; (B) IL-8; (C) TNF-α; (D) Gro-α. Data represent the averages and standard deviations of at least 3 biological replicates. Statistical differences are shown as comparison to the no spacer-control (1=column). *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001.