Table 1.

Potential inflammatory biomarkers of older adults with frailty.

Biomarker	Nature	Diagnostic criteria	Setting	Regulation in frailty	Reference
WBC	Blood cell	FP	Community	Up-regulated	Castellana et al. (2021)
					Fontana et al. (2013)
Lymphocytes	Blood cell	FP	Hospital	Down-regulated	Navarro-Martinez et al. (2019)
					Fontana et al. (2013)
CRP	Protein	FP	Hospital, Community	Up-regulated	Navarro-Martinez et al. (2019)
					Marcos-Perez et al. (2018)
					Fontana et al. (2013)
					Yang et al. (2018)
PCT	Protein	FP	Hospital	Up-regulated	Yang et al. (2018)
IL-1α	Cytokine	FP	Community	Up-regulated	Nascimento et al. (2018)
IL-6	Cytokine	FP, FI	Community	Up-regulated	Castellana et al. (2021)
					Navarro-Martinez et al. (2019)
					Marcos-Perez et al. (2018)
					Nascimento et al. (2018)
					Hsu et al. (2019)
					Qu et al. (2009)
					Yang et al. (2018)
					Rusanova et al. (2018)
IL-8	Cytokine	FP, FI	Hospital, Community	Up-regulated	Navarro-Martinez et al. (2019)
					Hsu et al. (2019)
					Rusanova et al. (2018)
IL-10	Cytokine	FP	Community	Up-regulated	Furtado et al. (2020)
					Rusanova et al. (2018)
TNF-α	Cytokine	FP	Community, Hospital	Up-regulated or Down-regulated	Castellana et al. (2021)
					Furtado et al. (2020)
					Navarro-Martinez et al. (2019)
					Marcos-Perez et al. (2018)
					Nascimento et al. (2018)
					Rusanova et al. (2018)
CXCL10	Chemokine	FP	Community	Up-regulated	Qu et al. (2009)
MCP-1	Chemokine	FP	Community	Up-regulated	Lu et al. (2016)
RANTES	Chemokine	FP	Community	Up-regulated	Lu et al. (2016)
ICAM-1	Protein	FP	Community	Up-regulated	Lee et al. (2016)
sRAGE	Protein	FP	Community	Up-regulated	Butcher et al. (2019)

WBC, White blood cells; PCT, Procalcitonin; IL, Interleukin; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor alpha; CXCL10, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand10; FP, Fraity phenotype; FI, Frailty index; MCP-1, Chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1; RANTES, Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; ICAM-1, Intercellular adhesive molecule-1; sRAGE, The soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products.