Table 2.
Studies investigating the association between fecal microbiota composition and frailty in older adults.
| Study (year) | Country | Setting | Group being compared | Number of participants T(F/C) | Mean age (F/C) | Method of frailty | Mean finding in frailty group | Microbiota profiling |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| van Tongeren et al. (2005) | Netherlands | Elderly Center | Elderly with a low frailty score VS Elderly with a high frailty score | 23 (13/10) | NA/NA | GFI | ↑ Enterobacteriaceae | Fluorescent in situ hybridization |
| ↓ Bacteroides/Prevotella Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | ||||||||
| Claesson et al. (2012) | Irish | Community, Out-patient day hospital, Shortterm rehabilitation hospital, long-term residential care | Healthy community dwelling subjects VS frail long-term care residents | 178 (NA/NA) | 78 | Weight, CC | ↑ Alistipes, Oscillibacter | 16S rRNA sequencing |
| ↓ Ruminococcus, Prevotella | ||||||||
| Jackson et al. (2016) | UK | Community | Pre-frail VS Non-frail | 728 (103/625) | 63 | FI | Frailty is negatively associated with alpha diversity of the gut microbiota | 16S rRNA sequencing |
| ↑ Eubacterium dolichum, Eggerthella lenta | ||||||||
| ↓ Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | ||||||||
| Haran et al. (2018) | USA | Nursing home | A prospective longitudinal cohort study | 23 | 82.7 | CSHA-CFS | ↓ Butyrate-producing organisms | 16S rRNA sequencing |
| Zhang et al. (2020) | China | Hospital | Frailty group VS Control group | 27 (15/12) | 82.0/81.2 | FI | No differences in alpha diversity | 16S rRNA sequencing |
| ↑ Acetanaerobacterium,Catenibacterium, [Ruminococcus]_torques_group, DQ801572_g, Ruminococcaceae_UCG -011, Prevotella_9, Olsenella, EF434341_g, KF843164_g, Pseudoxanthomonas | ||||||||
| ↓ Gemella, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Eubacterium[U1]_ruminantium_group, Azospira, Tyzzerella, Cloacibacterium, EU455341_g genera | ||||||||
| Picca et al., (2019) | Italy | Community | PF&S VS NonPF&S | 35 (18/17) | 75.7/73.9 | SPPB | No differences in alpha diversity | 16S rRNA sequencing |
| ↑ Oscillospira, Ruminococcus | ||||||||
| ↓ Barnesiellaceae, Christensenellaceae | ||||||||
| Margiotta et al. (2020) | Italy | Hospital | F-CKD VS NF-CKD | 64 (38/26) | 81.8/79.0 | FFP | No differences in alpha diversity | 16S rRNA sequencing |
| ↑ Mogibacteriacee, Coriobacteriacee Eggerthella | ||||||||
| Lim et al. (2021) | Korea | Community | Frail VS Pre-frail VS Robust | 176 (8/26/142) | 74.7 | FI | FI scores were negatively associated with microbial diversity | 16S rRNA sequencing |
| ↑ Bacteroides fragilis Clostridium hathewayi | ||||||||
| ↓ Prevotella copri, Coprococcus eutactus |
GFI, Groningen Frailty Indicator; CC, Calf circumference; FI, Frailty Index; CSHA-CFS, Canadian Study of Health and Aging’s seven-point clinical frailty scale; F-CKD, CKD patients with frailty; NF-CKD, CKD patients without frailty; FFP, Fried’s Frailty Phenotype; PF&S, Physical frailty and sarcopenia; NonPF&S, Non nonsarcopenic nonfrail; SPPB, Short physical performance battery.