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Schematic diagram of the etiology and pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Genetic and environmental factors and their interactions modulate brain gene expression in the brain via epigenetic mechanisms. This would lead to circuit dysfunction caused by aberrant synaptic, neural, and structural plasticity, and induce the expression of a variety of symptoms. AAD, alcohol abuse; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; BPD, bipolar disorder; MDD, major depression; SCZ, schizophrenia.
