Table 1.
Fasting anthropometric, endocrine, insulin, and glucose concentrations at baseline and postintervention treatment for 12 weeks with metformin, fish oil or fish oil-metformin in women with PCOS
| Metformin (n = 8) |
Fish oil (n = 13) |
Fish oil-metformin (n = 8) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline all groups (n = 29) |
Baseline | Post (%) | Baseline | Post (%) | Baseline | Post (%) | |
| Age, years | 25.0 ± 1.8 | 25.5 ± 1.2 | 28.7 ± 1.7 | ||||
| Body weight, kg | 109.8 ± 4.8 | 117.9 ± 7.6 | 116.1 ± 7.4 (-1) | 104.5 ± 5.7 | 105.7 ± 5.6 (1) | 111.6 ± 10.3 | 102.8 ± 7.8 (-8) |
| BMI, kg/m2 WC, cm WHR |
38.6 ± 1.4 45.7 ± 1.1 0.9 ± 0.01 |
41.9 ± 1.3 47.8 ± 2.3 0.9 ± 0.02 |
41.2 ± 0.9 (−1) 48.1 ± 2.3 (<1) 1.0 ± 0.03 (+10) |
35.9 ± 1.8 43.8 ± 1.2 0.9 ± 0.02 |
36.4 ± 1.8 (1) 44.1 ± 1.3 (<1) 0.9 ± 0.02 (0) |
40.5 ± 3.6 47.3 ± 2.5 0.9 ± 0.02 |
37.1 ± 2.3 (−8) 46.6 ± 2.0 (−1) 1.0 ± 0.02 (+10) |
| Fat mass, kg | 50.4 ± 2.8 | 56.3 ± 4.7 | 55.8 ± 4.5 (<1) | 46.6 ± 3.9 | 47.9 ± 4.5 (3) | 51.8 ± 6.4 | 44.8 ± 3.9 (−14) |
| Fat-free mass, kg |
59.4 ± 1.6 | 61.3 ± 3.2 | 60.1 ± 3.4 (−2) | 58.2 ± 1.9 | 56.6 ± 2.3 (3) | 59.6 ± 4.3 | 58.2 ± 4.2 (−2) |
| Androstendione, nmol/L | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 7.2 ± 0.8 | 7.8 ± 1.8 (8.0) | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 11.1 ± 1.1 (16) | 9.6 ± 1.7 | 10.2 ± 0.1 (6) |
| Testosterone, nmol/L | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.4 (0) | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.1 (6) | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 (7) |
| Free T, pmol/L | 27.4 ± 2.8 | 23.8 ± 4.1 | 25.2 ± 8.1 (6) | 30.8 ± 6.0 | 34.7 ± 4.6 (13) | 26.8 ± 3.9 | 29.2 ± 2.3 (9) |
| SHBG, nmol/L | 34.4 ± 3.6 | 35.6 ± 6.0 | 55.6 ± 6.9 (36) | 39.0 ± 5.5 | 30.1 ± 4.9 (-22) | 29.3 ± 7.2 | 30.0 ± 6.3 (2) |
| FAI DHEAS, μmol/L |
4.7 ± 0.6 7.6 ± 0.6 |
4.4 ± 0.9 7.6 ± 1.2 |
5.1 ± 1.7 (16) 6.4 ± 1.2 (−16) |
3.9 ± 0.9 8.2 ± 1.0 |
6.6 ± 0.9 (70) 8.4 ± 1.1 (2) |
5.7 ± 1.2 6.7 ± 1.1 |
5.9 ± 0.9 (3) 7.25 ± 1.2 (8) |
| Insulin, pmol/L | 215.0 ± 28.0 | 217.1 ± 46.4 | 180.1 ± 52.2 (−17) | 223.4 ± 60.3 | 181.1 ± 20.8 (−19) | 203.1 ± 43.7 | 144.3 ± 19.0 (−29) |
| Glucose, mmol/L OGTT (2-hr), mmol/L |
4.9 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 0.2 |
4.8 ± 0.2 5.9 ± 0.4 |
4.7 ± 0.1 (-2) 6.4 ± 0.8 (8) |
4.9 ± 0.1 6.0 ± 0.3 |
4.8 ± 0.2 (-2) 6.1 ± 0.5 (2) |
4.9 ± 0.1 5.9 ± 1.2 |
4.6 ± 0.2 (−6) 5.7 ± 0.6 (−3) |
| HOMA-IR | 7.8 ± 1.1 | 7.9 ± 1.8 | 6.3 ± 1.9 (−20) | 8.1 ± 2.2 | 6.5 ± 0.8 (−20) | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 5.0 ± 0.8 (−32) |
Values are presented as mean ± SEM and variables were normally distributed. Post (%) represents mean percentage change from baseline within group.
Abbreviations: DHEAS, dehydroepiandrostendione; FAI, free androgen index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; OGTT (2-hr), oral glucose tolerance at 2 hours; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; T, testosterone; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist hip ratio.