Table 3.
Pathogen Distribution for Early- and Late-onset Bloodstream Infections
| Organism | Early-onset BSI n = 55 n (%) | Early-onset CROa n = 11 n (%) | Late-onset BSI n = 176 n (%) | Late-onset CROa n = 50 n (%) | Total n = 231 n (%) | Total CROa n = 61 n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gram-negative organisms | 29 (53) | 11 (38) | 106 (60) | 50 (51) | 135 (58) | 61 (45) |
| Klebsiella spp. | 10 (18) | 6 (67) | 43 (24) | 19 (45) | 53 (23) | 25 (48) |
| K. pneumoniae | 10 (18) | 6 (67) | 42 (24) | 18 (44) | 52 (23) | 24 (48) |
| Klebsiella spp., unspecified | 0 | ... | 1 (1) | 1 (100) | 1 (0) | 1 (100) |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 3 (5) | 0 | 27 (15) | 15 (63) | 30 (13) | 15 (56) |
| A. baumannii | 1 (2) | 0 | 11 (6) | 9 (82) | 12 (5) | 9 (75) |
| Acinetobacter spp., unspecified | 2 (4) | 0 | 16 (9) | 6 (46) | 18 (8) | 6 (40) |
| Citrobacter spp. | 10 (18) | 3 (33) | 15 (9) | 6 (43) | 25 (11) | 9 (39) |
| C. freundii | 2 (4) | 1 (50) | 7 (4) | 0 | 9 (4) | 1 (13) |
| Citrobacter spp., unspecified | 8 (15) | 2 (29) | 8 (5) | 6 (75) | 16 (7) | 8 (53) |
| Escherichia spp. | 3 (5) | 1 (33) | 5 (3) | 3 (60) | 8 (3) | 4 (50) |
| E. coli | 1 (2) | 1 (100) | 5 (3) | 3 (60) | 6 (3) | 4 (67) |
| Escherichia spp. | 2 (4) | 0 | 0 | ... | 2 (1) | 0 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 0 | ... | 5 (3) | 2 (40) | 5 (2) | 2 (40) |
| E. cloacae | 2 (1) | 1 (50) | 2 (1) | 1 (50) | ||
| Enterobacter spp., unspecified | 3 (2) | 1 (33) | 3 (1) | 1 (33) | ||
| Pseudomonas spp. | 0 | ... | 3 (2) | 1 (50) | 3 (1) | 1 (50) |
| P. aeruginosa | 2 (1) | 1 (50) | 2 (1) | 1 (50) | ||
| Pseudomonas spp., unspecified | 1 (1) | ... | 1 (0) | ... | ||
| Serratia spp. | 0 | ... | 3 (2) | 1 (33) | 3 (1) | 1 (33) |
| S. marcescens | 3 (2) | 1 (33) | 3 (1) | 1 (33) | ||
| Elizabethkingia spp. | 0 | ... | 3 (2) | 3 (100) | 3 (1) | 3 (100) |
| E. meningoseptica | 3 (2) | 3 (100) | 3 (1) | 3 (100) | ||
| Other gram-negative spp. | 3 (5) | 1 (33) | 2 (1) | 0 | 5 (2) | 1 (25) |
| Gram-negative rod, non-fermenter | 3 (5) | 1 (33) | 2 (1) | 0 | 5 (2) | 1 (25) |
| Gram-positive organisms | 26 (47) | ... | 51 (29) | ... | 77 (33) | ... |
| Staphylococcus spp. | 22 (40) | ... | 40 (22) | ... | 62 (27) | ... |
| Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus | 7 (13) | ... | 18 (10) | ... | 25 (11) | ... |
| S. aureus | 8 (15) | ... | 10 (6) | ... | 18 (8) | ... |
| Staphylococcus spp., unspecified | 7 (12) | ... | 12 (7) | ... | 19 (8) | ... |
| Enterococcus spp. | 3 (5) | ... | 8 (4) | ... | 11 (5) | ... |
| E. faecalis | 1 (2) | ... | 1 (0) | ... | 2 (1) | ... |
| E. faecium | 1 (0) | ... | 1 (0) | ... | ||
| Enterococcus spp., unspecified | 2 (4) | ... | 6 (3) | ... | 8 (3) | ... |
| Streptococcus spp. | 1 (2) | ... | 3 (2) | ... | 4 (2) | ... |
| Yeast | 0 | ... | 19 (11) | ... | 19 (8) | ... |
| Candida spp. | 0 | ... | 19 (11) | ... | 19 (8) | ... |
| C. albicans | 2 (1) | ... | 2 (1) | ... | ||
| Candida spp., unspecified | 17 (10) | ... | 17 (7) | ... |
Unique bacterial and fungal isolates from neonates included in early and late cohorts. All dashes mean “not applicable”. There are no missing data. For Gram-negative organisms, there were no early onset infections due to Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Elizabethkingia (indicated by zero in the table). Therefore, the subcategories for each bacterial genus were left blank (example, E. cloacae). Additionally, the column “Early-onset CRO” included dashes for these organisms because carbapenem resistance is not applicable if there were no infections due to a particular organism. Under late-onset CRO, the dashes for Escherichia spp. and Pseudomonas spp, unspecified indicate testing was not done for carbapenem resistance. For Gram-positive organisms and yeast, the columns “Early-onset CRO” and “Late-onset CRO” are not applicable — dashes were used to indicate this.
aPercentage of carbapenem-resistant isolates is calculated using a denominator of number of isolates for which carbapenem resistance testing was performed.
Abbreviations: BSI, bloodstream infection; CRO, carbapenem-resistant organism.