Table 2. Causal association of cigarettes per day and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression.

Organ/tissue	Method	N of IVs	Beta	SE	p	p*
Brain – hypothalamus	Inverse-variance weighted	48	1.789	0.730	0.014	0.959
	MR-Egger	48	0.041	1.920	0.983	0.310
	Weighted median	48	2.182	1.347	0.105
	MR-PRESSO	48	1.789	0.730	0.018	0.964
Colon – sigmoid	Inverse-variance weighted	47	−0.832	0.439	0.058	0.652
	MR-Egger	47	−1.971	0.807	0.019	0.092
	Weighted median	47	−1.182	0.747	0.114
	MR-PRESSO	47	−0.832	0.439	0.064	0.701
Liver	Inverse-variance weighted	47	1.216	0.468	0.009	0.807
	MR-Egger	47	1.132	0.922	0.226	0.913
	Weighted median	47	1.058	0.850	0.213
	MR-PRESSO	47	1.216	0.468	0.012	0.843
Ovary	Inverse-variance weighted	48	1.545	0.693	0.026	0.837
	MR-Egger	48	1.658	1.745	0.347	0.943
	Weighted median	48	2.545	1.217	0.037
	MR-PRESSO	48	1.545	0.693	0.031	0.844
Thyroid	Inverse-variance weighted	47	1.468	0.392	1.8×10−4	0.604
	MR-Egger	47	1.739	0.907	0.062	0.739
	Weighted median	47	1.435	0.641	0.025
	MR-PRESSO	47	1.468	0.392	5.0×10−4	0.670
Vagina	Inverse-variance weighted	48	−1.150	0.688	0.094	0.055
	MR-Egger	48	−3.271	1.574	0.043	0.142
	Weighted median	48	−2.644	0.916	0.004
	MR-PRESSO	48	−1.150	0.688	0.101	0.057

^*p indicates p-value of heterogenous from inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach, or p-value of intercept from MR-Egger regression, or p-value from Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test.