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. 2021 Jul 1;12:708806. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708806

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Copyright © 2021 Umotoy and de Taeye

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanism of Action. Antibody conjugates execute different mechanism of action depending on the carrier molecule, antigen, internalization requirement, and effector function of the payload. Antibody-toxin binds to target epitopes, internalized, followed by escape of toxin to the cytosol to halt protein synthesis. Antibody-radionuclide binds to the receptor to deliver ionizing radiation to the cell inducing DNA breaks. Antibody-oligonucleotide binds to its receptor, internalized, and bind complementary sequences in the cytosol for gene silencing. Antibody-drugs can act either internally or non-internally depending on the effector molecule – fusion inhibitor binds to a receptor or viral particle to inhibit entry, some classes of cytotoxic compounds act by intercalating to cell’s DNA inducing DNA/RNA synthesis.