Table 2.

Comparison of sociodemographic data by the presence of social isolation

	N (%) in each LSNS group				Group difference
	LSNS <12		LSNS ≥12		χ2	P value	Cramer’s V or φ
Overall	6337	(55.9)	4996	(44.1)
Sex					147.47	<0.001	0.114
Male	3335	(61.9)	2056	(38.1)
Female	3002	(50.5)	2940	(49.5)
Age (years)					118.12	<0.001	0.102
18–39	1950	(50.2)	1938	(49.8)		*
40–64	3654	(60.7)	2370	(39.3)		*
≥65	733	(51.6)	688	(48.4)		*
Occupation					161.82	<0.001	0.119
Employed	4369	(56.9)	3316	(43.1)		*
Homemaker	866	(48.0)	940	(52.0)		*
Student	155	(38.1)	252	(61.9)		*
Unemployed	713	(66.8)	355	(33.2)		*
Other	234	(63.8)	133	(36.2)		*
Marital status					167.91	<0.001	0.122
Married	3606	(51.2)	3437	(48.8)
Unmarried	2731	(63.7)	1559	(36.3)
The presence of child					219.18	<0.001	0.139
Yes	3005	(49.5)	3067	(50.5)
No	3332	(63.3)	1929	(36.7)
Annual household income (JPY)					189.48	<0.001	0.150
<2.0 million	466	(73.6)	167	(26.4)		*
2.0–3.9 million	1253	(63.0)	737	(37.0)		*
4.0–5.9 million	1278	(57.7)	936	(42.3)
6.0–7.9 million	788	(52.7)	707	(47.3)		*
≥8.0 million	1012	(47.5)	1118	(52.5)		*
Treatment of severe current physical diseases					5.27	0.022	0.022
Yes	294	(61.0)	188	(39.0)
No	6043	(55.7)	4808	(44.3)
Treatment of severe previous physical diseases					1.35	0.246	0.011
Yes	492	(57.8)	359	(42.2)
No	5845	(55.8)	4637	(44.2)
Treatment of current psychological problems					53.83	<0.001	0.069
Yes	448	(69.8)	194	(30.2)
No	5889	(55.1)	4802	(44.9)
Treatment of previous psychological problems					62.63	<0.001	0.074
Yes	900	(65.9)	466	(34.1)
No	5437	(54.6)	4530	(45.4)

Cramer’s V (or φ): 0.100~small; 0.300~medium; 0.600~large.

*Significant group difference found by residual analysis (absolute value of adjusted residual ≥1.96).

LSNS-6, Lubben Social Network Scale.