Table 2.
The OPAS-C
| No | Item | Domain |
| 1 | I am having trouble relaxing because of the virus. | Stress |
| 2 | I cannot control worrying about the virus. | Stress |
| 3 | I think about the virus more than I would like. | Stress |
| 4 | Thoughts of the virus pop into my head even when I do not want them to. | Stress |
| 5 | I have trouble concentrating because I think about the virus so much. | Stress |
| 6 | I check the news or online sources for updates on the virus more than I would like. | Stress |
| 7 | I am having trouble sleeping because I am thinking about the virus. | Stress |
| 8 | I am afraid of getting the virus myself. | Fear |
| 9 | I am afraid of a family member getting the virus. | Fear |
| 10 | I feel isolated from other people in the pandemic. | Loneliness |
| 11 | With the pandemic, I feel like I cannot connect to other people. | Loneliness |
| 12 | I feel close to other people. | Community |
| 13 | I feel part of a larger community of people. | Community |
| 14 | I think the pandemic is a hoax. | Exaggerated |
| 15 | I think people are getting too excited about the pandemic. | Exaggerated |
| 16 | I am wearing a face covering or mask when I am around people. | NPIs |
| 17 | I am social distancing. | NPIs |
| 18 | I am washing my hands frequently. | NPIs |
| 19 | I would take the coronavirus vaccine when it becomes available. | Vaccine |
| 20 | I would have my children or parents take the vaccine when it comes out. | Vaccine |
All answer choices are rated using a 5-point Likert scale (strongly disagree through strongly agree). For questions 1–13, strongly agree is scored as 5, while for questions 14–20 strongly agree is scored as 1 (reverse scoring). Higher values reflect a greater burden and the total score therefore ranges from 20 to 100.
NPI, non-pharmaceutical intervention; OPAS-C, Oxford Pandemic Attitude Scale-COVID-19.