Table 3.

The miRNAs and underlying pathways for MSC-derived exosome-mediated cardiac regeneration

Function	Route of administration	miRNA	Pathway	Target cell	Reference
Anti-inflammatory	intramyocardial, intravenous	miR-182	TLR4 signal	macrophage	Zhao et al., 2019
		miR-233	SEMA3A; STAT3	macrophage	Wang et al., 2015
		miR-181c	TLR4 signal	T cell	Mokarizadeh et al., 2012
Anti-apoptotic	intramyocardial, intravenous, intracoronary, intrapericardial	miR-19a	PTEN	cardiomyocyte	He et al., 2018
		miR-22	MeCP2		Feng et al., 2014
		miR-199a	Sema3A		Zhu et al., 2019
		miR-214	sodium/calcium exchanger 1; cyclophilin D; Bcl-2 like protein 11; PTEN		Wang et al., 2018b
		miR-210	β-catenin; Bcl-2; adenomatous polyposis coli; p16; caspase-3		Arif et al., 2017
Pro-angiogenic	intramyocardial, intravenous	miR-126	Spred-1	endothelial cell	Du et al., 2017
		miR-210	Efna3		Wang et al., 2017
		miR-20a	p38 MAP kinase		Pin et al., 2012
Anti-fibrotic	intramyocardial, intravenous	miR-19a	thrombopondin-1; CTGF	fibroblast	Wen et al., 2012
		miR-29	fibrotic gene		Melo et al., 2014
		miR-133	collagen α1 chain; CTGF		Chen et al., 2017

MSC, mesenchymal stromal cell; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor.