FIGURE 4.
Biosynthesis of basic isoflavonoids from amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine). (A) Flavonoid precursor molecule. (B) Isoflavonoid precursor molecules. Abbreviations, 4CL, 4-coumarate CoA ligase; C4H, trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; CHR, chalcone reductase; CHS, chalcone synthase; HIDH, 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase; I4′OMT, isoflavone 4′-O-methyltransferase; IFS, isoflavone synthase; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; TAL, tyrosine ammonia lyase.