Table 2.

Practical instruction for disease control of Panax ginseng by using the BBCH scale proposed in this study

Disease	Pathogen	Instruction on timing	BBCH scale	Figure
Alternaria stem blight	Alternaria panax	Apply fungicides at first full canopy	105/115	Fig. 2
Alternaria leaf blight	Alternaria panax	Apply fungicides when leaflets are fully unfolded and horizontal	109/119	Fig. 2
Antrachnose	Colletotrichum panacicola	Apply fungicides to full canopy	109/119	Fig. 2
Gray mold	Botrytis cinerea	Remove dead leaves and stems from raised soil bed, or apply Bordeaux mixture to yellowing leaves	907/917 902/912	Fig. 3 Fig. 3
Damping-off	Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1 Pythium ultimum	Apply fungicides to cracked seeds before sowing, or when leaflets are fully unfolded and horizontal	003 109/119	Fig. 1 Fig. 2
Phytophthora blight	Phytophthora cactorum	Apply fungicides to full canopy	109/119	Fig. 2