Table 2.

Comparison of survival and deceased patients with heart failure.

Variables	Survival patients (n = 280)	Deceased patients (n = 131)	P
Age (years)	61.2 ± 16.0	65.1 ± 15.4	0.022
Female	118 (42.1%)	65 (49.6%)	0.167
BMI (kg/m2)	26.1 ± 4.6	27.9 ± 4.6	< 0.001
Current smoker	58 (20.7%)	24 (18.3%)	0.599
Current drinker	42 (15.1%)	19 (14.5%)	1.000
Clinical features
Prior history of HF	199 (71.1%)	96 (73.3%)	0.643
HF duration (months)	20.3 ± 6.5	20.7 ± 6.2	0.584
Acute/worsening chronic HF	76 (27.1%)	45 (34.4%)	0.135
NT-proBNP (pg/mL)	2819 (1467–5485)	5720 (2813–10,000)	< 0.001
NYHA class, III–IV	227 (81.1%)	108 (82.4%)	0.739
Serum selenium (µg/L)	72.4 ± 25.9	59.4 ± 29.4	< 0.001
Medical history
Coronary artery diseas	124 (44.3%)	67 (51.1%)	0.194
Myocardial infarction	54 (19.3%)	33 (25.2%)	0.172
PCI	27 (9.6%)	21 (16.0%)	0.060
CABG	4 (1.4%)	5 (3.8%)	0.123
Dilated cardiomyopathy	34 (12.1%)	19 (14.5%)	0.506
Valvular heart disease	23 (8.2%)	16 (12.2%)	0.197
Congenital heart disease	1 (0.4%)	3 (2.3%)	0.063
Hypertension	118 (42.1%)	50 (38.2%)	0.454
Diabetes mellitus	73 (26.1%)	39 (29.8%)	0.476
CKD	20 (7.1%)	20 (15.3%)	0.012
Prior history of HF	199 (71.1%)	96 (73.3%)	0.724
AF	76 (62.8%)	45 (37.2%)	0.163
Echocardiography findings
IVST (mm)	10.0 (9.0–10.0)	10.0 (9.0–11.0)	0.291
PWT (mm)	9.0 (9.0–10.0)	9.0 (9.0–10.0)	0.079
LVDv (mL)	154.0 (106.3–204.0)	168.0 (109.0–236.0)	0.130
LVSv (mL)	77.0 (43.0–128.8)	101.0 (47.0–137.0)	0.196
LVEF (%)	48.0 (36.0–60.0)	46.0 (35.0–59.0)	0.604
LAD (mm)	40.0 (36.0–45.0)	43.0 (38.0–50.0)	0.001
Medications, n (%)
Beta-blocker	184 (65.7%)	74 (56.5%)	0.080
CCB	67 (23.9%)	27 (20.6%)	0.529
Statins	145 (51.8%)	44 (33.6%)	0.001
ARB	88 (31.4%)	37 (28.2%)	0.566
ACE-I	109 (38.9%)	37 (28.2%)	0.036
Diuretics	167 (59.6%)	80 (61.1%)	0.783

Data are presented as mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), or n (%). Abbreviation as in Table 1.