Table 3.

Total Scores for Primary Variables

Variable, Measure, and Possibl Range	M ± SD	Sample Range
Emotional Distress (Outcomes)
Depression T-scores (PROMIS v1.0 8b) (37.1 – 81.1)	54.07 ± 10.05	37.1 – 80.9
Anxiety T-scores (PROMIS v1.0 8a) (37.1 – 83.1)	55.07 ± 9.73	37.1 – 76.9
Hypothesized Mediators
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (0 – 52)	17.33 ± 11.70	0 – 48
Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale, Revised (12 – 48)	32.83 ± 6.83	19 – 48
Pain Resilience Scale (0 – 56)	37.33 ± 10.78	9 – 56

Note. Higher depression and anxiety scores indicate more symptoms. Higher pain catastrophizing scores indicate more catastrophizing. Higher pain resilience scores mean greater resilience to pain. Higher mindfulness scores indicate more engagement in mindful behaviors.