Table 3.

List of small animal publications using human serum albumin solutions and its doses.

Author (year [references]	Species	Setting	Albumin concentration	Total dose	Dose per hour*	Duration of administration	Adverse events
Mathews and Barry, (174)	64 dogs 2 cats	Retrospective study, critically ill	25%	Mean: 1.25 g/kg	0.025–0.43 g/kg/h	Range 4–72 h	Facial edema in 2 dogs
Trow et al. (173)	73 dogs	Retrospective case series, critically ill	10%	Median 1.4 g/kg (range 0.1–6)	~0.12 g/kg/h	12 h	23% acute adverse reactions (mild: tachypnea, tachycardia, increased temperature, peripheral edema, and ventricular arrhythmias; severe: coagulopathies, cardiac arrest). 4% delayed complications
Vigano et al. (175)	418 dogs 170 cats	Retrospective study, critically ill	5%	Mean: 1 g/kg/day	0.1 g/kg/h	Dogs: Median 96 h (range 28–264 h) Cats: Median 72 h (range 48–168 h)	No acute severe adverse reaction. Minor acute adverse reactions (diarrhea, hyperthermia, and/or tremors) in 43.5% dogs and 36.5% cats (no specific treatment)
Powell et al. (172)	2 dogs	Case series, critically ill	5%	Dog 1: 1.4 g/kg Dog 2: 1.3 g/kg	0.35 g/kg/h 0.43 g/kg/h	4 h 3 h	Type III hypersensitivity reaction (leukocytoclastic vasculitis and dermal antigen-antibody complexes) 8-16 days after exposure
Horowitz et al. (176)	22 dogs + 17 negative control dogs	Retrospective study, septic peritonitis	25%	Mean: 2.55 g/kg (range: 0.95–6.38)	n/a	Mean: 39.2 h (range: 11–98 h)	No evaluation for adverse reactions
Loyd et al. (177)	21 dogs	Retrospective study, PLE	25%	Dose: 0.5 g/kg	~0.16–0.25 g/kg/h	2–3 h	2/21 acute reaction; 1 dog euthanized 2/21 delayed reaction; 1 euthanized
Vigano et al. (178)	40 cats + 20 control cats	Prospective study, critically ill	5%	Mean: 0.72 g/kg (range: 0.5–1)	0.07–0.1 g/kg/h	Mean: 7 h (range: 5–10 h)	No acute or delayed adverse reaction
Mazzaferro et al. (171)	2 dogs	Case series, septic peritonitis	25%	Dog 1: 1.5 g/kg Dog 2: ~2.6 g/kg	0.13 g/kg/h 0.33 g/kg/h	12 h 8 h	Delayed type III hypersensitivity reaction with AKI; euthanasia
Martin et al. (179)	14 critically ill + 2 healthy dogs 21 critically ill + 47 healthy dogs	Prospective, healthy and critically ill	25%	Healthy: 1st time 0.5 g/kg 2nd time 0.25 g/kg Critically ill: Median: 1.3 g/kg (0.45–11.8)	0.25 g/kg/h 0.125 g/kg/h 0.2 g/kg/h	2 h 1 h	Critically ill: transient fever in 1 dog, no other acute or delayed adverse reaction Healthy: 1st time: facial edema in 1 dog day 8 2nd time: acute adverse reaction in both dogs
Cohn et al. (169)	9 dogs	Prospective study, healthy	25%	1st time: 2.5 g/kg (9 dogs) after 5 weeks 2nd time: 2.5 g/kg (2 dogs)	0.66 g/kg/h	Mean: 3.75 h (range 3–4.5 h)	1/9, acute hypersensitivity (1st time) 2/2 acute hypersensitivity (2nd time) 2/9 urticaria/ edema after 2 weeks (1st time) 9/9 developed anti-HSA antibodies
Francis et al. (170)	6 dogs	Prospective study, healthy	25%	0.5 g/kg	0.5 g/kg/h	1 h	6/6 Delayed type III hypersensitivity reaction

^*Doses were converted into grams according to data in the publications; PLE, protein loosing enteropathy; h, hours.