Table 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline.
| Characteristic | NAG (n = 48) | Control (n = 100) | Comparison | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63 (51.50–72.25) [29–88] | 68 (57.25–76.75) [23–95] | 5.0 (0.0; 10.0) | 0.049b |
| Sex (male) | 24 (50%) | 62 (62%) | 0.61 (0.30; 1.23) | 0.213 |
| Race | – | – | 1.17 (0.38; 3.16) | >0.999 |
| Hispanic | 43 (89.6%) | 88 (88%) | – | – |
| White | 5 (10.4%) | 12 (12%) | – | – |
| Time from symptom onset (days) | 11.5 (4.75–11) [1.42–32] | 7 (4–15.75) [1–59] | −3.0 (−6.0; −1.0) | 0.008b |
| Disease severityc | 4 (4–5) [3–5] | 4 (4–5) [3–7] | 0.0 (0.0; 0.0) | 0.156 |
| Supplemental oxygen | 46 (91.7%) | 86 (86%) | 1.79 (0.56; 5.22) | 0.425 |
| Bloodwork | ||||
| WBC | 8.65 (6.05–11.73) [1.1–20] | 10.25 (6.725–13.50) [3.3–29.3] | 1.4 (−0.1; 3.1) | 0.070b |
| HCT | 39.71 ± 6.02 | 37.97 ± 7.93 | −1.74 (−4.29; 0.82) | 0.181 |
| HGB | 12.69 ± 1.91 | 12.10 ± 2.61 | −0.59 (−1.45; 0.27) | 0.175 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Asthma | 0 (0%) | 3 (3%) | <0.01 (<0.01; 2.40) | 0.551 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2 (4.2%) | 7 (7%) | 0.58 (0.12; 2.80) | 0.719 |
| Coronary artery disease | 6 (12.5%) | 17 (17%) | 0.70 (0.26; 1.95) | 0.629 |
| Chronic heart failure | 1 (2%) | 7 (7%) | 0.28 (0.02; 1.63) | 0.273 |
| COPD | 3 (6.25%) | 11 (11%) | 0.54 (0.16; 1.92) | 0.550 |
| ESRD | 7 (14%) | 9 (9%) | 1.65 (0.62; 4.56) | 0.404 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 13 (27.1%) | 36 (36%) | 0.66 (0.32; 1.42) | 0.352 |
| Hypertension | 22 (45.8%) | 71 (71%) | 0.35 (0.18; 0.71) | 0.004b |
| Obesity | 27 (56.25%) | 40 (40%) | 1.93 (0.97; 3.96) | 0.078b |
| Smoker | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (1%) | 2.11 (0.11; 40.36) | 0.545 |
| Positive chest x-ray | 46 (95.8%) | 87 (87%) | 3.44 (0.82; 15.76) | 0.145 |
| Discretionary treatmentsa | ||||
| Antibiotics | 43 (89.6%) | 94 (94%) | 0.55 (0.15; 1.71) | 0.336 |
| Antivirals | 13 (27.1%) | 6 (6%) | 2.58 (0.88; 7.55) | 0.001b |
| Corticosteroids | 43 (89.6%) | 78 (78%) | 2.43 (0.87; 6.20) | 0.112 |
| Convalescent plasma | 2 (4.2%) | 4 (4%) | 1.04 (0.19; 4.61) | >0.999 |
Data are reported as n (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range) [range]. Effect sizes are reported as mean differences (95% CI), Hodges-Lehmann differences (95% CI), or odds ratios (95% CI). P-values were computed using unpaired t-tests (normally distributed data), Mann-Whitney U test (nonparametric data), or Fisher's exact test (dichotomous data).
COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ESRD = End-stage renal disease; HCT = Hematocrit; HGB = Hemoglobin; WBC = White blood cell count.
Some patients did not receive treatments on day 1. Within the NAG group, one patient received antibiotics on day 5, two patients received antivirals on day 2 and one patient received antivirals on day 3, and three patients received corticosteroids on day 2. All patients in the control group received medications starting on day 1.
Statistically significant.