Table 3.
Measurement model evaluation results.
| Construct/Indicators | Mean | St.dev. | Loadings factor |
|---|---|---|---|
|
F1. Consumer animosity - perceived threat (ANI-PT) (α= 0.719; CR = 0.877; AVE = 0.780) | |||
| I feel threatened by Venezuela | 4.86 | 1.95 | 0.906 |
| The influence of politicians from Venezuela on our country is too strong | 3.49 | 1.90 | 0.913 |
| Venezuela intends to dominate our country economically |
3.61 |
1.88 |
0.821 |
|
F2. Consumer animosity - antithetical political attitudes (ANI-APA) (α = 0.654; CR = 0.849; AVE = 0.738) | |||
| I disapprove of the politics of Venezuela | 4.10 | 1.81 | 0.808 |
| I often disagree with the political attitude of Venezuela |
3.85 |
1.83 |
0.907 |
|
F3. Consumer animosity - negative personal experiences (ANI-NPE) (α = 0.704; CR = 0.811; AVE = 0.610) | |||
| Personally, I have had bad experiences with Venezuela | 5.44 | 1.72 | 0.877 |
| So far, I met only a few sympathetic persons from Venezuela |
5.24 |
1.79 |
0.890 |
|
F4. Horizontal collectivism (COL-HC) (α = 0.822; CR = 0.880; AVE = 0.650) | |||
| If a coworker gets a prize, I would feel proud | 5.69 | 1.31 | 0.797 |
| The well-being of my coworkers is important to me | 5.79 | 1.16 | 0.865 |
| To me, pleasure is spending time with others. | 5.22 | 1.52 | 0.689 |
| I feel good when I cooperate with others |
5.84 |
1.19 |
0.860 |
|
F5. Vertical collectivism (COL-VC) (α = 0.798; CR = 0.843; AVE = 0.584) | |||
| Parents and children must stay together as much as possible. | 5.38 | 1.46 | 0.827 |
| It is my duty to take care of my family, even when 1 have to sacrifice what I want. | 5.44 | 1.43 | 0.743 |
| It is my duty to take care of my family, even when 1 have to sacrifice what I want. |
4.97 |
1.63 |
0.923 |
|
F6. Patriotism tendencies (α = 0.834; CR = 0.882; AVE = 0.600) | |||
| Minor forms of military training, obedience, and discipline, such as drill, marching and simple commands, should be made a part of the elementary school educational program. | 3.63 | 1.84 | 0.761 |
| The main threat to basic Colombian institutions during this century has come from the infiltration of foreign ideas, doctrines, and agitators. | 3.72 | 1.91 | 0.766 |
| Present treatment of conscientious objectors, draft evaders, and enemy aliens is too lenient and mollycoddling. If a person won't fight for his country, he deserves a lot worse than just prison or a work camp. | 3.21 | 1.92 | 0.822 |
| In view of the present national emergency, it is highly important to limit responsible government jobs to native, white, Christian Colombians | 2.89 | 1.82 | 0.795 |
| Foreigner's refugees may need them, but it would be a big mistake to lower your immigration quotas and allow them to flood the country. |
3.84 |
1.97 |
0.726 |
|
F7. Ethnocentrism-affective reaction (SET-AR) (α = 0.0.946; CR = 0.954; AVE = 0.723) | |||
| I love the services from Colombia. | 4.77 | 1.38 | 0.731 |
| I am proud of the services from Colombia. | 4.54 | 1.52 | 0.865 |
| I admire the services from Colombia. | 4.51 | 1.46 | 0.821 |
| I feel attached to the services from Colombia | 4.36 | 1.53 | 0.867 |
| I hate the services from foreign countries. | 4.19 | 1.58 | 0.885 |
| I despise the services from foreign countries. | 4.73 | 1.51 | 0.857 |
| I am embarrassed by the services from foreign countries. | 4.44 | 1.68 | 0.898 |
| I feel no attachment with the services from foreign countries |
4.18 |
1.71 |
0.865 |
|
F8. Ethnocentrism-cognitive bias (SET-CB) (α = 0.886; CR = 0.954; AVE = 0.723) | |||
| East or West, the services from Colombia are the best. | 3.97 | 1.59 | 0,798 |
| Services from Colombia are examples of best workmanship. | 4.19 | 1.66 | 0.744 |
| Service providers from Colombia have the best work attitudes. | 4.34 | 1.49 | 0.774 |
| Products and services from foreign countries are no match for those from Colombia | 3.53 | 1.71 | 0.756 |
| Colombia has the hardest working people in the services sector. | 4.66 | 1.49 | 0.717 |
| Service providers from Colombia are more caring than those in any foreign country. | 3.99 | 1.43 | 0.844 |
| Services from Colombia are guaranteed for best performance | 4.11 | 1.37 | 0.812 |
| Colombia provides the most pleasant service experience. |
4.31 |
1.66 |
0.841 |
|
F9. Ethnocentrism-behavioural preference (SET-BP) (α = 0.875; CR = 0.886; AVE = 0.533) | |||
| For me, it's always the services from Colombia first, last and foremost | 4.15 | 1.71 | 0.750 |
| I prefer being served by service providers from Colombia. | 4.73 | 1.52 | 0.736 |
| As far as possible, I avoid buying services from foreign countries | 4.71 | 1.57 | 0.728 |
| I often refuse to buy service because it is from a foreign country | 3.53 | 1.65 | 0.823 |
| I would much rather not buy a product or service, than buy one from a foreign country | 3.53 | 1.67 | 0.836 |
| It may cost me in the long run but I support services from Colombia. | 3.95 | 1.71 | 0.858 |
| I will never regret buying a service from Colombia | 4.14 | 1.84 | 0.718 |
Note: α = Cronbach's Alpha; CR = Composite reliability; AVE = Average Variance Extracted; ∗p < 0.01.
Source: Author's own compilation.