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. 2021 Jul 2;8:666319. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.666319

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Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Budde, Schmidt, Halleck, Duerr, Naik, Mayrdorfer, Duettmann, Klauschen, Rudolph and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flow chart of TG patients enrolled in the study. There were a total of 2,375 indication biopsies were performed due to elevated creatinine and/or proteinuria from 2000 to 2018 in our center. TG-lesions were found in 346 biopsies from 251 kidney transplant recipients. Biopsy cases with recurrent/de novo glomerulonephritis (n = 32), TMA (n = 31), hepatitis C-virus associated MPGN (n = 2) were excluded. After further excluding the patients with mTOR inhibitors-induced proteinuria (PU ≥ 0.3 g/day, n = 21), a total of 165 patients were enrolled in our study. TG, transplant glomerulopathy; cg, chronic allograft glomerulopathy; TMA, thrombotic microangiopathy; MPGN, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PU, proteinuria.