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. 2021 Jul 2;8:678486. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2021.678486

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Copyright © 2021 Hu, Rabenorosoa and Ouisse.

This an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Examples of elementary SMA for uni-directional rotational motion: (A) Normal-motion-driven SMA element; (B) Bending-motion-driven SMA element; (C) Torsional-motion-driven SMA element.