Table 1.
Characteristics of the Studied Patients
| Characteristics | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Patients | |
| Number | 266 |
| Age at onset, median (range), yr | 74 (29–97) |
| Age ≥75 yr | 131 (49) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 174 (65) |
| Female | 92 (34) |
| Length of hospital stay, median (range), day | 16 (2–184) |
| 30-Day mortality rates, % | 2.8 |
| Septic shock | 10 (4) |
| Usage of inotropes | 8 (3) |
| Onset of >48 hours after admission | 42 (16) |
| Underlying biliary disease | |
| Common bile duct calculus | 143 (54) |
| Gallstone or biliary sludge | 150 (56) |
| Malignant neoplasm of biliary tract | 95 (36) |
| Cholecystitis | 22 (8) |
| Hemobilia | 3 (1) |
| Comorbidity | |
| Renal failure treated with hemodialysis | 9 (3) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 60 (23) |
| Liver cirrhosis | 10 (4) |
| Prior biliary intervention | |
| Endoscopic sphincterotomy | 60 (23) |
| Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation | 15 (6) |
| Biliary stent | 44 (17) |
| Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage | 14 (5) |
| PTGBA/PTGBD | 7 (3) |
| Biliary tract reconstruction | 25 (9) |
| Cholecystectomy | 42 (16) |
| Prior anastomosis in upper GI | |
| Billroth II | 5 (2) |
| Roux-en-Y anastomosis | 10 (4) |
| ICU admission | |
| None | 109 (41) |
| Past | 61 (23) |
| Current | 123 (46) |
| Antibiotic use within 14 days prior to occurrence of cholangitis | 47 (18) |
| Cephem | 30 (11) |
| 1st generation | 1 (0.4) |
| 2nd generation | 19 (29) |
| 3rd generation | 10 (4) |
| 4th generation | 0 |
| Penicillin | 3 (1) |
| Carbapenem | 5 (2) |
PTGBA/PTGBD, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration/drainage; GI, gastrointestinal tract; ICU, intensive care unit.