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. 2021 Jun 29;5(7):99–118. doi: 10.15698/cst2021.07.253

Figure 2. FIGURE 2: Upstream mTOR regulation and associated mutations causing mTORpathies.

Figure 2

The TSC1/TSC2 complex, FMRP, PTEN and NF1 are negative regulators of mTORC1. Loss of function-mutations in these genes lead to an increased mTORC1 activity and a reduced autophagy induction and produce a subset of neurodevelopmental disorders known as mTORopathies. TSC1/2: Tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2, FMRP: Fragile X mental retardation protein, PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten and NF1: Neurofibromatosis type 1.