. 2021 Jul 13;38:101000. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101000

Table 2.

Demographic Characteristics, Mental Health Treatment, and Overall Functioning of 276 Offspring (G2) at Last Interview by Parental (G1) Depression Status.

CUMULATIVE RATES
Variable	Offspring Having One or More Parents with MDD (N = 193)		Offspring Having No Parent with MDD (N = 83)		Group Comparison
	N	%	N	%	x²	df	P
Demographic characteristic^a
Marital status	156		72		12.93	2	0.002
Ever separated or divorced	42	26.9	12	16.7
Currently married or widowed	76	48.7	53	73.6
Never married	38	24.4	7	9.7
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	x²	df	P
Number of children	1.4	1.29	1.8	1.43	4.70^b	1	0.030
	N	%	N	%	x²	df	P
Education	146		70		1.06	3	0.786
High school diploma or less	54	37.0	28	40.0
Less than 4 years of college	33	22.6	16	22.9
Undergraduate degree	38	26.0	14	20.0
Graduate degree	21	14.4	12	17.1
Employment status	155		71		2.39	1	0.122
Full-time employment	102	65.8	54	76.1
Part-time or no employment	53	34.2	17	23.9
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	x²	df	P
Income, $
Individual	48,379.3	28,339	52,769.2	25,465	1.46²	1	0.228
Household	70,251.8	25,540	73,939.4	21,988	0.20²	1	0.651
	N	%	N	%	x²	df	P
Mental health treatment
Outpatient					22.42²	1	<0.001
None	53	27.5	42	50.6
Brief Period	40	20.7	20	24.1
Continuous for at least 6 mos.	26	13.5	12	14.5
Continuous for several years	74	38.3	9	10.8
Any outpatient treatment	140	72.5	41	49.4	13.77	1	<0.001
Any hospitalization	23	11.9	3	3.6	4.69	1	0.030
Any psychotropic drug use	103	53.4	32	38.6	5.10	1	0.024
Any of the above	147	76.2	49	59.0	8.27	1	0.004
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	F	df	p
Overall functioning
Global Assessment Scale score (GAS)^c	73.53	12.7	81.33	8.9	25.84	1, 274	<0.001

All demographic characteristics are strictly current except for marital status, whose first category (“ever separated or divorced”) includes historical information.

Data were determined using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Mean of subjects’ average GAS scores; each subject's average GAS score was calculated as the mean of all GAS scores given by the clinical best-estimator to the subject at each wave in which the subject was interviewed; higher scores denote better overall functioning.