Table 3.
Screening results by sex for HIV-infected integrated non-communicable diseases-HIV testing services participants, Soweto, South Africa.
| Totala | Female | Male | P-Valuef | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any ART use?b | ||||
| No (%) | 26/72 (36.1) | 18/51 (35.3) | 8/21 (38.1) | 0.99 |
| Yes (%) | 46/72 (63.9) | 33/51 (64.7) | 13/21 (61.9) | |
| CD4 Count (Cells/mm3) | ||||
| n, Median (IQR) | 86, 341 (246–500) | 65, 347 (262–507) | 21, 315 (182–412) | 0.18 |
| BMI (kg/m2)c | ||||
| Underweight (%) | 32/149 (21.5) | 14/108 (13.0) | 18/41 (43.9) | <0.0001 |
| Normal (%) | 73/149 (49.0) | 54/108 (50.0) | 19/41 (46.3) | 0.69 |
| Overweight/Obese (%) | 44/149 (29.5) | 40/108 (37.0) | 4/41 (9.8) | 0.001 |
| n, Median (IQR) | 149, 21.6 (18.8–27.0) | 108, 23.0 (19.9–29.8) | 41, 19.1 (17.2–21.3) | <0.0001 |
| Blood Pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Low (%) | 2/148 (1.4) | 1/107 (0.9) | 1/41 (2.4) | 0.50 |
| Normal (%) | 121/148 (81.8) | 89/107 (83.2) | 32/41 (78.1) | |
| High (%) | 25/148 (16.9) | 17/107 (15.9) | 8/41 (19.5) | |
| Blood glucose | ||||
| Average (HbA1c) (mmol/mol)d | ||||
| Normal (%) | 125/149 (83.9) | 89/108 (82.4) | 36/41 (87.8) | 0.62 |
| High (%) | 24/149 (16.1) | 19/108 (17.6) | 5/41 (12.2) | |
| Random (mmol/l)e | ||||
| Normal (%) | 147/149 (98.7) | 106/108 (98.1) | 41/41 (100.0) | – |
| High (%) | 2/149 (1.3) | 2/108 (1.9) | 0/41 (0.0) | |
| TC (mmol/l) | ||||
| Low (%) | 19/149 (12.8) | 10/108 (9.3) | 9/41 (22.0) | 0.04 |
| Normal (%) | 115/149 (77.2) | 85/108 (78.7) | 30/41 (73.1) | 0.47 |
| High (%) | 15/149 (10.1) | 13/108 (12.0) | 2/41 (4.9) | 0.20 |
| Ever smoked cigarettes? | ||||
| No (%) | 96/137 (70.1) | 80/102 (78.4) | 16/35 (45.7) | 0.0005 |
| Yes (%) | 41/137 (29.9) | 22/102 (21.6) | 19/35 (54.3) | |
| Still smoke cigarettes? | ||||
| No (%) | – | – | – | – |
| Yes (%) | 41/41 (100.0) | 22/22 (100.0) | 19/19 (100.0) |
Antiretroviral Therapy, ART; Body Mass Index, BMI; Interquartile Range, IQR; Total Cholesterol, TC.
Total denominators vary due to: (1) participants being allowed to ‘opt out’ of any health screening, as desired; and (2) participants choosing not to answer questions relating to smoking.
ART use reported only for HIV-infected clients who were previously diagnosed. HIV-positive participants on ART had significantly more high TC than those not on ART (21.7% vs. 4.9%; p = 0.002).
Overall, HIV-uninfected clients had significantly more overweight/obese BMI than HIV-infected clients (39.5% [n = 244/618] vs 29.5% [n = 44/149]; p = 0.024).
HIV-infected clients had significantly more high HbA1c than HIV-uninfected clients (16.1% [n = 24/149] vs 9.6% [n = 59/614]; p = 0.022).
Both participants with high random glucose also had high HbA1c.
Statistical significance was determined using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, where appropriate. Some p-values are missing due to some small samples sizes reflecting the stratification by age and sex.