Table 4.
The descriptive analysis of NIV failure.
| Variable | failure | NIVsuccess | p | Variable | NIVfailure | NIVsuccess | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (months)* | 36 (2–192) | 16 (1.5–204) | 0.137 | PRISM-3 score* | 13 (2–51) | 5 (2–36) | <0.001 |
| Bodyweight (kg)* | 12 (2.1–60) | 9.7 (2.7–120) | 0.453 | PELOD score* | 14 (2–50) | 6 (2–44) | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 28 (59.6%) | 172 (56.4%) | 0.682 | GCS (mean ± SD) | 13.21 ± 1.67 | 13.85 ± 1.66 | 0.003 |
| Hypoxic ARF | 34 (72.3%) | 205 (67.2%) | 0.483 | Complications | 15 (31.9%) | 20 (6.6%) | <0.001 |
| Acute onset of disease | Underlying chronic disease | ||||||
| LRTI | 25 (53.2%) | 142 (46.6%) | 0.397 | Cardiac | 4 (8.5%) | 86 (28.2%) | 0.004 |
| Bronchiolitis/asthma | 1 (2.1%) | 60 (19.7%) | 0.003 | Neuromuscular | 15 (31.9%) | 62 (20.3%) | 0.074 |
| URTI | - | 11 (3.6%) | NA | Metabolic | 7 (14.9%) | 15 (4.9%) | 0.017 |
| ARDS | 6 (12.8%) | 7 (2.3%) | <0.001 | Genetic | 3 (6.4%) | 16 (5.2%) | 0.478 |
| Heart failure | 4 (8.5%) | 37 (12.1%) | 0.471 | Respiratory | 3 (6.4%) | 17 (5.6%) | 0.515 |
| Sepsis | 11 (23.4%) | 19 (6.2%) | 0.001 | Genitourinary | 5 (10.6%) | 11 (3.6%) | 0.048 |
| CNS-related | 5 (10.6%) | 16 (5.2%) | 0.132 | Gastrointestinal | 3 (6.4%) | 6 (2.0%) | 0.105 |
| Postoperative stridor | - | 12 (3.9%) | NA | Malignancy | 3 (6.4%) | 8 (2.6%) | 0.170 |
| Immune deficiency | 5 (10.6%) | 20 (6.6%) | 0.229 | ||||
| Therapy mode | Therapy implementation | ||||||
| NIPPV | 22 (46.8%) | 103 (33.8%) | 0.082 | First-line therapy | 22 (46.8%) | 137 (44.9%) | 0.808 |
| HFNC | 25 (53.2%) | 202 (66.2%) | Rescue therapy | 25 (53.2%) | 168 (55.1%) | ||
| Device selection | Interfaces | ||||||
| Specific NIPPV device | 18 (38.3%) | 98 (32.1%) | 0.072 | Nasal mask | 7 (15.2%) | 17 (5.6%) | 0.025 |
| MV with NIV mode | 3 (6.4%) | 5 (1.6%) | Oronasal mask | 3 (6.5%) | 11 (3.6%) | 0.408 | |
| Specific HFNC device | 26 (55.3%) | 202 (66.2%) | Full-face mask | 11 (23.9%) | 50 (16.4%) | 0.210 | |
| Nasal Prong | 27 (57.4%) | 227 (74.4%) | 0.016 | ||||
| Signs of respiratory failure | |||||||
| Tachypnea** | 33 (70.2%) | 167 (55.1%) | 0.052 | Bloodgas pH <7.25 (2nd hour) | 2 (4.3%) | 4 (1.3%) | 0.186 |
| SpO2/FiO2 < 200 (1st hour) | 38 (82.6%) | 148 (49.3%) | < 0.001 | RR decline >10% (1st hour) | 44 (93.6%) | 178 (58.9%) | <0.001 |
| FiO2 > 80% (1st hour) | 14 (37.8%) | 27 (9.6%) | < 0.001 | RR decline >10% (6th hour) | 46 (97.9%) | 77 (25.5%) | <0.001 |
| The length of stay (days) | |||||||
| PICU stay* | 26 (4–98) | 7 (2–87) | < 0.001 | Hospitalization* | 32 (4–98) | 13 (5–98) | <0.001 |