Table 2.

Illustration of how different themes reported by parents were integrated into COSI.

Theme	How integrated into COSI
Other parents' views and experiences	•Anonymised quotations from interviews with parents were used in animated videos embedded throughout COSI to weave in other parents' views and experiences (see Figure 3 for an illustration). This represented the “personal” experiences of parents of CWE and contributed to providing support, and hopefully add credibility to, the material and ideas presented as part of COSI content •The inclusion of a frequently asked questions (FAQs) page which addresses key topics raised by parents such as what to do if child is unwell, child sleeps in multiple households, and approaches for how to manage parents' own worries (module K)
Change over time	•Parents were clearly advised that they should select options most relevant to them at the specific time of review and that this may change over time •Sleep management techniques were presented carefully to ensure factors that might impact their choice of approach were identified and acknowledged •The presentation of a range of evidence-based intervention techniques (modules G, H, I, and J) allowing parents to choose which option may be most suitable to them at different time points
Range of management options	•In any modules where behaviour-change techniques were presented (module G, H, I, and J) a variety of different evidence-based techniques were provided •In any modules where behaviour-change techniques were presented these were worded carefully to present the family with options rather than “instructions”
Personalisation of information	•Functionality embedded partly through a “sleep screener” questionnaire (module C) where recommended modules were highlighted based on parents' responses to the sleep screener questionnaire to help personalise recommended modules for parents to review •Parents completed this screener based on their child's sleep behaviour allowing them to feel their individual child's sleep was being considered •Encouraging parents to select from the range of behaviour-change approaches presented (module G, H, and I predominantly) also encouraged parents to personalise their own use of COSI •COSI provided specific evidence-based information and strategies for parents whose child may have comorbid conditions (module F)
Child anxiety around sleep	•Inclusion of a module (I) specifically aimed at supporting parents to manage sleep-related anxiety and night-time fears in their child •Also included was information (module J) designed to help parents address specific night-time behaviours (sleep walking, sleep terrors and nightmares) with their child
Practical sleep intervention suggestions	•The BSIs upon which COSI was based include a range of practical strategies that parents can select from and apply to support their child to “learn” appropriate sleep behaviours and, if necessary, to “unlearn” inappropriate sleep behaviours. •Presented in a clear step-by-step fashion making them easy to follow and implement •Inclusion of a troubleshooting section (module K) to help parents practically deal with common issues around implementing BSIs and also practical advice about how to maintain any sleep improvements
General sleep information	•The development of COSI itself was designed to address parents' desire for knowledge and information around sleep •Particular areas about which parents desired information were explicitly incorporated into COSI (i.e., general background information about sleep (module A), the relationship between sleep and seizures (module B), sleep hygiene tips (module D), understanding common sleep problems and possible approaches to managing or improving CWE's sleep (module E, G, H, I, and J)
Parental anxieties and concerns	•COSI content clearly acknowledged areas of parent anxiety (e.g., about sleep, epilepsy and intervention approaches) throughout •COSI specifically provided some information about parental worries and sleep in the FAQs page (module K) •COSI identified further useful resources of help and support for parents around possible areas of anxieties and concerns (module L)
Help, support and reassurance around sleep	•The purpose of developing COSI was to provide help, support and reassurance to parents around child sleep •Careful consideration was given to the wording throughout COSI to ensure it was written in a non-judgmental and supportive manner •Including other parents' experiences (as this was reported to be thought helpful, supportive and reassuring for them) •Acknowledging the possible challenges of intervention approaches, helping parents feel informed and supported in making the most appropriate decision for their individual child/family •Providing general sleep information to reassure parents about variability of child sleep •That there are techniques designed to improve sleep, if required, would be supportive and reassuring for some parents
Include child in intervention	•Anonymised quotations from interviews with CWE were integrated throughout COSI in animated videos, reflecting their perspectives (see Figure 4 for an illustration)