Table 2. Patient Characteristics in the Propensity Score–Matched Cohort.
| Characteristic | Patients (N = 2344)a | Standardized difference, % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Remdesivir recipients (n = 1172) | Controls (n = 1172) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 66.6 (14.2) | 67.5 (14.1) | −6.73 |
| Age, y | |||
| <55 | 228 (19.5) | 197 (16.8) | 7.13 |
| 55-64 | 241 (20.6) | 234 (20.0) | 1.48 |
| 65-74 | 387 (33.0) | 405 (34.6) | −3.41 |
| 75-84 | 202 (17.2) | 197 (16.8) | 0.90 |
| >84 | 114 (9.7) | 139 (11.8) | −6.93 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 1101 (93.9) | 1101 (93.9) | 0 |
| Female | 71 (6.1) | 71 (6.1) | 0 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 693 (59.1) | 674 (57.5) | 3.38 |
| Black | 388 (33.1) | 406 (34.6) | −3.06 |
| Otherb | 27 (2.3) | 38 (3.2) | −5.39 |
| Missing | 65 (5.5) | 55 (4.7) | 3.37 |
| Admission month | |||
| May | 124 (10.6) | 151 (12.9) | −7.29 |
| June | 230 (19.6) | 213 (18.2) | 3.90 |
| July | 428 (36.5) | 391 (33.4) | 6.62 |
| August | 198 (16.9) | 238 (20.3) | −8.42 |
| September or October | 192 (16.4) | 179 (15.3) | 3.02 |
| Positive PCR test result at or before admission | 1160 (99.0) | 1154 (98.5) | 4.29 |
| Hospital day at matching | |||
| 1 | 309 (26.4) | 309 (26.4) | 0 |
| 2 | 393 (33.5) | 393 (33.5) | 0 |
| 3 | 207 (17.7) | 207 (17.7) | 0 |
| 4 or 5 | 157 (13.4) | 157 (13.4) | 0 |
| 6-8 | 73 (6.2) | 73 (6.2) | 0 |
| 9 | 33 (2.9) | 33 (2.9) | 0 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 105 (9.0) | 121 (10.3) | −4.42 |
| Congestive heart failure | 257 (21.9) | 267 (22.8) | −2.06 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 214 (18.3) | 236 (20.1) | −4.82 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 166 (14.2) | 189 (16.1) | −5.24 |
| Arrhythmia | 522 (44.5) | 495 (42.2) | 4.64 |
| Hypertension | 959 (81.8) | 970 (82.8) | −2.68 |
| Diabetes | 627 (53.5) | 573 (48.9) | 9.24 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 405 (34.6) | 422 (36.0) | −2.87 |
| Kidney disease | 298 (25.4) | 308 (26.3) | −1.94 |
| Cancer | 157 (13.4) | 168 (14.3) | −2.34 |
| Liver disease | 195 (16.6) | 188 (16.0) | 1.62 |
| Dementia | 170 (14.5) | 180 (15.4) | −2.57 |
| Obesity | 518 (44.2) | 513 (43.8) | 0.87 |
| Alcohol use diagnosis | 154 (13.1) | 189 (16.1) | −8.20 |
| Drug use diagnosis | 116 (9.9) | 134 (11.4) | −4.46 |
| Care at matching | |||
| ICU stay | 242 (20.7) | 234 (19.1) | 4.42 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 69 (5.9) | 45 (3.8) | 9.75 |
| Laboratory value at matching | |||
| Oxygen saturation, mean (SD), % | 91.4 (5.4) | 91.8 (5.6) | −8.12 |
| Oxygen saturation <94% | 954 (81.4) | 954 (81.4) | 0 |
| Oxygen saturation <94% ever before matching | 1048 (89.5) | 1026 (87.6) | 4.85 |
| Temperature, mean (SD), °C | 37.5 (2.0) | 37.5 (0.8) | 0 |
| BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | |||
| Systolic | 117.9 (16.8) | 118.5 (17.7) | −3.50 |
| Diastolic | 66.9 (10.3) | 67.3 (11.2) | −3.79 |
| Respiratory rate, mean (SD), breaths/min | 22.9 (6.7) | 22.3 (6.2) | 9.30 |
| WBC count, mean (SD), 109 cells/L | 7.3 (3.9) | 7.1 (3.8) | 4.40 |
| eGFR, mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m3 | 74.5 (21.7) | 74.6 (22.1) | −0.47 |
| AST level, mean (SD), U/L | 46.7 (32.5) | 44.2 (34.9) | 8.06 |
| ALT level, mean (SD), U/L | 39.6 (32.7) | 38.2 (33.9) | 2.59 |
| Medication at matching | |||
| Dexamethasone | 559 (47.7) | 559 (47.7) | 0 |
| Any corticosteroid | 627 (53.5) | 616 (52.6) | 2.17 |
| Azithromycin | 280 (23.9) | 268 (22.9) | 2.77 |
| Other antibiotic | 406 (34.6) | 413 (35.2) | −1.54 |
| Heparin | 165 (14.1) | 161 (13.7) | 1.27 |
| Low-molecular-weight heparin | 721 (61.5) | 723 (61.7) | −0.35 |
| Warfarin or direct oral anticoagulant | 120 (10.2) | 135 (11.5) | −4.29 |
| Famotidine | 122 (10.4) | 104 (8.9) | 5.39 |
| Statin | 496 (42.3) | 533 (45.5) | –6.42 |
| ACE inhibitor | 129 (11.0) | 158 (13.5) | −7.31 |
| ARB | 79 (6.7) | 102 (8.7) | −7.73 |
| Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine | 6 (0.5) | 5 (0.4) | 1.09 |
| Medication before admission | |||
| Warfarin or direct oral anticoagulant | 114 (9.7) | 128 (10.9) | −3.91 |
| Famotidine | 47 (4.0) | 47 (4.0) | 0. |
| Statin | 544 (46.4) | 554 (47.2) | −1.55 |
| ACE inhibitor | 270 (23.0) | 271 (23.1) | −0.20 |
| ARB | 136 (11.6) | 154 (13.1) | −4.68 |
| Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine | 9 (0.8) | 4 (0.3) | 6.47 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; WBC, white blood cell.
SI conversion factor: To convert AST and ALT levels to μkat/L, multiply by 0.0167.
a
Data are presented as number (percentage) of patients unless otherwise indicated. All values are from the day of matching (ie, day of remdesivir initiation or corresponding hospital day for controls).
b
Other race/ethnicity includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.