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. 2021 Jul 6;9(19):4890–4917. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4890

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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Schematic overview showing the effects of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus proteins on the functioning of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 and absent in melanoma 2 inflammasomes. Inflammasome activation is defined by oligomerization of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 and absent in melanoma 2, which recruits apoptosis-associated speck like proteins and pro-caspase- 1, leading to caspase-1 activation and subsequent conversion of pro-IL- 1β into active IL-1β. HCV: Hepatitis C virus; ASC: Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; AIM2; Absent in melanoma 2; IL: Interleukin; LPS; Lipopolysaccharides; LBP: Lipopolysaccharide binding protein; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TNFR: TNF receptor; ⊥ : Inhibition.