Table 1.

Functions of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 non-structural proteins

Protein	Function
Nsp 1	RNA processing
	Fixing of the replication complex to cellular membranes[17]
Nsp 2	p65 homolog
	Host cell survival[18]
Nsp 3	Proteolytic cleavage[19]
Nsp 4	Stabilization of the viral replication-transcription complex[20]
Nsp 5	Polyprotein processing[21]
Nsp 6	Autophagosome expansion inhibition[22]
Nsp 7/8	Primase[23,24]
	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) cofactor[25]
Nsp 9	ssRNA-binding protein[26]
Nsp 10	Cap methylation of viral mRNAs[27]
Nsp 12	Catalytic subunit of the RdRp[25,28]
Nsp 13	Helicase (Hel) and NTPase activity[29,30]
	Interferon antagonist[31]
Nsp 14	Exoribonuclease (ExoN) and methyltransferase activity[32]
	Interferon antagonist[31]
Nsp 15	Nidoviral RNA uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU)[33]
	Interferon antagonist[31]
Nsp 16	2'-O-ribose methyltransferase
	mRNA capping[34,35]