Table 1.
General information of participants1
|
|
|
Total
|
Male
|
Female
|
| Subjects | 150 (100) | 92 (61) | 78 (39) | |
| Age, yr | 72.4 ± 5.6 | 72.9 ± 5.86 | 71.5 ± 5.2 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.11 ± 3.85 | 24.25 ± 3.97 | 23.88 ± 3.68 | |
| Ethnicity | Han | 113 (75.33) | 64 (42.67) | 45 (30) |
| Minority | 37 (24.67) | 28 (18.67) | 13 (8.67) | |
| Education | Illiterate | 47 (31.33) | 20 (13.33) | 27 (18) |
| Primary | 41 (27.33) | 28 (18.67) | 13 (8.67) | |
| Junior | 25 (16.67) | 18 (12) | 7 (4.67) | |
| Senior | 23 (15.33) | 15 (10) | 8 (5.33) | |
| Diploma | 9 (6) | 7 (4.67) | 2 (1.33) | |
| ≥ Undergraduate | 5 (3.33) | 4 (2.67) | 1 (0.67) | |
| Marital status | Married | 123 (82) | 79 (52.67) | 43 (28.67) |
| Widowed | 27 (18) | 12 (8) | 15 (10) | |
| Smoking | Never | 114 (76) | 58 (38.67) | 56 (37.33) |
| Previously | 21 (14) | 20 (13.33) | 1 (0.67) | |
| Now | 15 (10) | 14 (9.33) | 1 (0.67) | |
| Drinking | Never | 123 (82) | 68 (45.33) | 55 (36.67) |
| Frequently | 10 (6.67) | 8 (5.33) | 2 (1.33) | |
| Stopped | 17 (11.33) | 16 (10.67) | 1 (0.67) | |
| Brewed tea | Never | 48 (32) | 29 (19.33) | 19 (12.67) |
| Occasionally | 40 (26.67) | 21 (14) | 19 (12.67) | |
| Sometimes | 26 (17.33) | 18 (12) | 8 (5.33) | |
| Frequently | 36 (24) | 24 (16) | 12 (8) | |
| Ghee consumption | Never | 74 (49.33) | 45 (30) | 29 (19.33) |
| Occasionally | 45 (30) | 27 (18) | 18 (12) | |
| Sometimes | 19 (12.67) | 12 (8) | 7 (4.67) | |
| Frequently | 12 (8) | 8 (5.33) | 4 (2.67) | |
| Beef/mutton consumption | Never | 11 (7.33) | 4 (2.67) | 7 (4.67) |
| Occasionally | 48 (32) | 25 (16.67) | 23 (15.33) | |
| Sometimes | 41 (27.33) | 25 (16.67) | 16 (10.67) | |
| Frequently | 50 (33.33) | 38 (25.33) | 12 (8) | |
| Fall history | No | 124 (82.67) | 78 (52) | 46 (30.67) |
| Yes | 26 (17.33) | 14 (9.33) | 12 (8) | |
| MNA-SF, score | 11.93 ± 2.35 | 11.78 ± 2.29 | 12.17 ± 2.45 | |
| Barthel index, score | 96 ± 7.6 | 96.8 ± 5.96 | 95.5 ± 9.63 | |
| Depression | No | 136 (90.67) | 85 (56.67) | 51 (34) |
| Yes | 14 (9.33) | 7 (4.67) | 7 (4.67) | |
| Hand grip strength, kg | 24.9 ± 9.47 | 28.52 ± 9.39 | 19.24 ± 6.32 | |
| Muscle mass, kg/m2 | 6.95 ± 1.14 | 7.5 ± 0.97 | 6.08 ± 0.78 | |
| Six-meter gait speed, s/m | 0.91 ± 0.23 | 0.94 ± 0.23 | 0.87 ± 0.24 |
1
Reported as n (%), unless indicated otherwise. BMI: Body mass index; MNA-SF: Mini Nutritional Assessment short form.